Table 2. Association Between Women’s Exposure to IPV Types and Health Outcomesa.
| Poor general health | Recent pain or discomfort | Recent pain medication | Frequent pain medication | Recent health care consultation | Physical health condition | Mental health condition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (weighted %) | 330 (23.0) | 443 (30.6) | 816 (56.7) | 247 (15.9) | 496 (33.2) | 685 (46.9) | 322 (21.9) |
| Physical | |||||||
| Moderate | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.57 (1.07-2.29)b | 1.25 (0.86-1.80) | 1.02 (0.72-1.45) | 1.20 (0.79-1.81) | 1.36 (0.94-1.95) | 0.97 (0.68-1.37) | 2.85 (1.97-4.14)b |
| aOR (95% CI)c | 1.38 (0.91-2.11) | 1.22 (0.83-1.80) | 0.94 (0.66-1.36) | 1.18 (0.76-1.83) | 1.31 (0.90-1.91) | 1.01 (0.70-1.46) | 2.50 (1.69-3.70)b |
| Severe | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | 2.02 (1.50-2.71)b | 2.18 (1.59-2.99)b | 1.90 (1.37-2.63)b | 1.98 (1.40-2.79)b | 1.37 (1.01-1.85)b | 1.70 (1.24-2.32)b | 2.25 (1.63-3.11)b |
| aOR (95% CI)c | 1.54 (1.10-2.15)b | 2.05 (1.48-2.85)b | 1.82 (1.30-2.54)b | 1.67 (1.14-2.44)b | 1.28 (0.93-1.77) | 1.63 (1.15-2.31)b | 1.91 (1.34-2.72)b |
| Any | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | 2.08 (1.60-2.70)b | 1.91 (1.45-2.51)b | 1.53 (1.18-1.99)b | 1.80 (1.31-2.46)b | 1.45 (1.13-1.87)b | 1.40 (1.07-1.84)b | 3.17 (2.39-4.22)b |
| aOR (95% CI)c | 1.65 (1.20-2.26)b | 1.85 (1.40-2.44)b | 1.44 (1.10-1.88)b | 1.60 (1.13-2.27)b | 1.38 (1.06-1.80)b | 1.40 (1.05-1.87)b | 2.78 (2.05-3.77)b |
| Sexual | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.74 (1.24-2.44)b | 1.88 (1.34-2.65)b | 1.64 (1.17-2.29)b | 1.78 (1.22-2.59)b | 1.52 (1.08-2.14)b | 1.30 (0.92-1.84) | 2.32 (1.58-3.40)b |
| aOR (95% CI)c | 1.43 (0.97-2.09) | 1.82 (1.29-2.56)b | 1.49 (1.06-2.10)b | 1.60 (1.07-2.40)b | 1.42 (1.00-2.02)b | 1.28 (0.88-1.85) | 2.03 (1.39-2.99)b |
| Psychological | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.68 (1.28-2.21)b | 1.81 (1.32-2.49)b | 1.43 (1.12-1.84)b | 1.23 (0.91-1.67) | 1.33 (1.04-1.70)b | 1.13 (0.87-1.48) | 3.17 (2.37-4.23)b |
| aOR (95% CI)c | 1.79 (1.32-2.43)b | 1.97 (1.47-2.63)b | 1.33 (1.03-1.71)b | 1.27 (0.92-1.76) | 1.28 (1.00-1.64) | 1.31 (0.99-1.73) | 2.59 (1.93-3.48)b |
| Controlling | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.75 (1.31-2.35)b | 1.77 (1.30-2.41)b | 1.47 (1.11-1.94)b | 1.56 (1.12-2.17)b | 1.28 (0.95-1.74) | 1.32 (0.99-1.76) | 2.24 (1.66-3.01)b |
| aOR (95% CI)c | 1.52 (1.09-2.12)b | 1.87 (1.34-2.59)b | 1.43 (1.07-1.92)b | 1.51 (1.04-2.18)b | 1.30 (0.94-1.80) | 1.48 (1.08-2.04)b | 1.96 (1.42-2.70)b |
| Economic | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.69 (1.22-2.35)b | 1.65 (1.16-2.36)b | 1.31 (0.95-1.81) | 1.65 (1.12-2.42)b | 1.47 (1.07-2.03)b | 1.57 (1.13-2.20)b | 2.92 (2.07-4.11)b |
| aOR (95% CI)c | 1.32 (0.90-1.94) | 1.60 (1.13-2.26)b | 1.25 (0.91-1.72) | 1.36 (0.90-2.07) | 1.33 (0.95-1.88) | 1.54 (1.08-2.21)b | 2.93 (2.05-4.18)b |
| Any IPV | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.99 (1.49-2.64)b | 1.72 (1.23-2.41)b | 1.35 (1.05-1.74)b | 1.35 (0.99-1.84) | 1.33 (1.04-1.70)b | 1.27 (0.96-1.68) | 3.39 (2.49-4.60)b |
| aOR (95% CI)c | 2.02 (1.46-2.78)b | 1.81 (1.34-2.46)b | 1.24 (0.96-1.59) | 1.37 (0.99-1.89) | 1.29 (1.01-1.65)b | 1.49 (1.13-1.96)b | 2.78 (2.05-3.77)b |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; IPV, intimate partner violence; OR, odds ratio.
a
Reference category for each IPV type was no exposure to this type.
b
Statistically significant.
c
Adjusted for age, ethnicity, food security, employment status, and educational level.