Table 2. Twelve-Month Postindex Health Care Utilization for Various Outcomes of Interest Among the Matched Individuals With Post–COVID-19 Condition (PCC) and Controls Without COVID-19.
| Outcome | No. (%) | Relative risk (95% CI) | McNemars P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| With PCC | Without COVID-19 | |||
| Study cohort | ||||
| No. of patients | 13 435 | 26 870 | NA | NA |
| COPD | 4302 (32.0) | 4431 (16.5) | 1.94 (1.88-2.00) | <.001 |
| Asthma (moderate/severe) | 3245 (24.2) | 3341 (12.4) | 1.95 (1.86-2.03) | <.001 |
| Pulmonary embolism/DVT | 1073 (8.0) | 603 (2.2) | 3.64 (3.23-3.92) | <.001 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 3956 (29.5) | 3360 (12.5) | 2.35 (2.26-2.45) | <.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2301 (17.1) | 2574 (9.6) | 1.78 (1.70-1.88) | <.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1336 (9.9) | 1683 (6.3) | 1.57 (1.48-1.70) | <.001 |
| Ischemic stroke | 530 (3.9) | 475 (1.8) | 2.17 (1.98-2.52) | <.001 |
| Heart failure | 1587 (11.8) | 1614 (6.0) | 1.97 (1.84-2.10) | <.001 |
| Hospitalized cohort | ||||
| No. of patients | 3697 | 7394 | NA | NA |
| COPD | 1593 (43.1) | 1423 (19.3) | 2.24 (2.11-2.38) | <.001 |
| Asthma (moderate/severe) | 1167 (31.6) | 1086 (14.7) | 2.15 (2.00-2.31) | <.001 |
| Pulmonary embolism/DVT | 712 (19.3) | 230 (3.1) | 6.23 (5.36-7.15) | <.001 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 1912 (51.7) | 1285 (17.4) | 2.97 (2.81-3.16) | <.001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1069 (28.9) | 1071 (14.5) | 1.99 (1.85-2.15) | <.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 638 (17.3) | 657 (8.9) | 1.94 (1.75-2.15) | <.001 |
| Ischemic stroke | 308 (8.3) | 200 (2.7) | 3.07 (2.59-3.66) | <.001 |
| Heart failure | 948 (25.6) | 749 (10.1) | 2.53 (2.32-2.76) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; NA, not applicable.