Table 5.
The Most Common Racial, Ethnic, and Ethnoracial Coding Schemes Used in Epidemiologic Research Studies (n = 414), 1995–2018a
| Coding Scheme | No. of Coding Schemes | % |
|---|---|---|
| Racial coding schemesb | ||
| Black, White | 29 | 21 |
| Black, other, White | 18 | 13 |
| Not stated | 17 | 12 |
| White | 16 | 12 |
| Nonwhite, White | 15 | 11 |
| Ethnic coding schemesc | ||
| Mexican American | 5 | 15 |
| Hispanic, non-Hispanic | 4 | 12 |
| Not stated | 4 | 12 |
| Ethnoracial coding schemesd | ||
| African American, White | 10 | 6 |
| African American, other, White | 7 | 4 |
| Asian, Black, Hispanic, other, White | 7 | 4 |
| Black, Hispanic, White | 7 | 4 |
| Black, Hispanic, other, White | 6 | 3 |
| Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, other | 6 | 3 |
| African American | 5 | 3 |
a Information on capitalization was not collected. No attempt was made to collapse coding schemes based on similarity.
b There were 33 unique racial coding schemes identified from among 138 individual coding schemes belonging to 137 studies. These studies included racial data and may have included ethnicity data, but did not combine the two into an ethnoracial construct.
c There were 18 unique ethnic coding schemes found from among 33 individual coding schemes belonging to 33 studies. These studies included ethnic data and may have included racial data, but did not combine the two.
d There were 129 unique ethnoracial coding schemes identified from among 180 total coding schemes belonging to 176 studies.