Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author(publication year) | Study location | Age Group and Sample Size | Type of telemedicine(tools) | Outcome category | Duration of intervention | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stukus et al (2018) (34). | USA | Patients aged (6 months to 21 years) IG (n = 98) UC (n = 95) |
Synchronous (mobile application) | Cost | 6 months | Effect of neutral of telemedicine on cost |
| Perry et al (2018) (35). | USA | Patients aged (7 to 14 years) IG (n=180) UC (n=183) |
Synchronous (live interactive video) | Symptoms control Medications adherence Quality of life |
6 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on medications adherence Effect of neutral of telemedicine on symptoms control and quality of life |
| Halterman et al (2018) (36). | USA | Patients aged (3 to 10 years) IG (n = 199) UC (n = 196) |
Synchronous (video conferencing) |
Symptoms control Cost Quality of life |
12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on symptoms control, cost, and quality of life |
| Fedele et al (2018) (37). | USA | Patients aged (12 to15 years) IG (n = 25) UC (n = 25) |
Synchronous (mobile application) | Medication adherence Asthma control Quality of life |
4 months | Positive effect of Telemedicine on asthma control, medication adherence, and quality of life |
| Perry et al (2017) (38). | USA | Patients aged (12 to 17 years) IG (n = 17) UC(n = 17) |
Asynchronous (mobile application) | Asthma control | 6 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control. |
| Britto et al (2017) (39). | USA | Patients aged (12 to 22 years) IG (n = 31) UC(n = 34) |
Asynchronous (text messaging system with mobile) |
Asthma control Quality of life Medication adherence |
6 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control, quality of life, and medication adherence. |
| Johnson et al (2016) (40). | USA | Patients aged (12 to 17 years) IG (n = 53) UC (n = 45) |
Asynchronous (short messaging service -based reminder system) | Medication adherence Quality of life |
1 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on medication adherence, and quality of life |
| Bender et al (2015) (41). | USA | Patients age (3 to 12 years) IG (n = 590) UC (n = 597) |
Asynchronous (speech recognition (SR) software and electronic health records (EHRs)) | Medication adherence | 24 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on medication adherence. |
| Joseph et al (2013) (42). | USA | Patients aged (≥ 12 years) IG (n = 204) UC (n = 218) |
Asynchronous (web-based) | Symptom control | 12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on symptom control |
| Gustafson et al (2012) (43). | USA | Patients aged (4 to 12 years) IG (n = 148) UC (n = 153) |
Asynchronous (telephone with Web-Based) | Medication adherence Asthma control |
12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control. Effect of neutral of telemedicine on medication adherence. |
| Bender et al (2010) (44). | USA | Patients aged (18 to 65 years) IG (n = 50) UC (n = 50) |
Synchronous (interactive voice response system) | Medication adherence Asthma control Quality of life |
3 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on medication adherence. Effect of neutral of telemedicine on asthma control, and quality of Life. |
| Patel et al (2009) (45). | USA | Patients aged (≥65 years) IG (n = 25) UC (n = 23) |
Synchronous (telephone) |
Medication adherence | 12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on medication adherence. |
| Van den wijngaart et al (2017) (46). | Netherlands | Patients aged (6 to 16 years) IG (n = 105) UC (n = 105) |
Synchronous (web-based monitoring) | Asthma control Symptoms control |
16 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control, and symptoms control. |
| Vasbinde et al (2016) (47). | Netherlands | Patients aged (4 to 11 years) IG (n=108) UC (n = 111) |
Asynchronous (short message service reminders) | Asthma control Quality of life Cost Medication adherence |
12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on medication adherence. Effect of neutral of telemedicine on asthma control, and quality of life. Negative effect of telemedicine on cost. |
| Bergen et al (2015) (48). | Netherlands | Patients aged (4 to 18 years) UC (n=89) IG (n=91) |
Asynchronous (web-based monitoring) | Cost | 12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on cost. |
| Van gaalen et al (2013) (49). | Netherlands | Patients aged (18 to 50 years) IG=47 UC=60 |
Asynchronous (web-based) | Asthma Control Quality of life |
12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control, and quality of life. |
| Rikkers-Mutsaerts et al (2012) (50). | Netherlands | Patients aged (12 to 18 years) IG (n = 46) UC (n = 44) |
Asynchronous (web-based) |
Quality of life Asthma control | 12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control, and quality of life. |
| van der Meer et al (2011) (51). | Netherlands | Patient (18 to 50 year) IG (n = 101) UC (n = 99) |
Synchronous (web-based) | Cost | 12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on cost. |
| Hashimoto et al (2011) (52). | Netherlands | Patients aged (18 to 75 year) IC (n = 52) UC (n = 43) |
Synchronous (web-based) | Quality of life Asthma control |
6 months | Effect of neutral of telemedicine on asthma control, and quality of life. |
| van der Meer et al(2009) (53). | Netherlands | Patients aged (18 to 50years) IG (n = 101) UC (n = 99) |
Asynchronous (web-based) |
Asthma control Quality of life |
12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control. Effect of neutral of telemedicine on quality of life. |
| Willems et al (2008) (54). | Netherlands | Patients aged (7 years and older) IG (n=55) UC (n=54) |
Asynchronous (electronic asthma monitor) | Quality of life Medication adherence Symptoms control |
12 months | Effect of neutral of telemedicine on quality of life, and medication adherence. |
| Chan et al (2017) (55). | New Zealand | Patients aged (6 to 15 years) IG (n =110) UC (n = 110) |
Asynchronous (smart Track electronic monitoring device) | Asthma control Medication adherence | 6 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control, and medication adherence. |
| Chan et al (2015) (56). | New Zealand | Patients aged (6 to 15 years) IG (n = 110) UC (n = 110) |
Asynchronous (smart Track electronic monitoring device) | Asthma control Medication adherence |
6 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control, and medication adherence. |
| Petrie et al (2012) (57). | New Zealand | Patients aged (16 to 45years) IG (n = 204) UC (n = 218) |
Asynchronous (text message programe) | medication adherence | 4 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on medication adherence. |
| Zairina et al (2016) (58). | Australia | Patients aged (≥18 years) IG (n = 36) UC (n = 36) |
Asynchronous (mobile application) | Asthma Control Quality-of-life |
6 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control, and quality of life. |
| Lau et al (2015) (59). | Australia | Patients aged (18 years and older) IG (n=154) UC (n=176) |
Asynchronous (web-based personal health record) | Asthma control | 12 months | Effect of neutral of Telemedicine on asthma control. |
| Lv et al (2012) (60). | China | Patients aged (12 to 18 years) IG (n = 50) UC (n = 50) |
Asynchronous (mobile phone short message service) |
Quality of Life Asthma control |
12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control, and quality of life |
| Takita et al (2017) (61). | Japan | Patients aged (38 to 88 years) IG (n = 17) UC (n = 16) |
Asynchronous (DVD) | Asthma control | 1 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control. |
| Koufopoulos et al (2016) (62). | United Kingdom | Patients aged (18 to 64 years) IG (n = 99) UC (n = 117) |
Synchronous (web-based and mobile application) | Medication adherence | 3 months | Effect of neutral of telemedicine on medication adherence. |
| Strandbygaard et al (2010) (63). | Denmark | Patients aged (18 to 45 years) IG (n = 12) UC (n = 14) |
Asynchronous (short message service) | Medication adherence | 12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on medication adherence |
| Prabhakaran et al (2010) (64). | Singapore | Patients aged (21 years or above) IG (n = 60) UC (n = 60) |
Asynchronous (short message service) | Asthma control | 3 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on asthma control. |
| Jan et al (2007) (65). | Taiwan | Patients aged (8 to 12 years) IG (n=88) UC (n=76) |
Synchronous (web-based) | Quality of life Medication adherence |
12 months | Positive effect of telemedicine on quality of life, and medication adherence. |
| Sundberg et al (2005) (66). | Sweden | Patients aged (18 to 25 years) IG (n=48) UC(n=49) |
Asynchronous (computer program) | Quality of life Asthma control |
12 months | Effect of neutral of telemedicine on asthma control, and quality of life. |
IG: Intervention group, CU: Control group