Table 2:
In vitro activation of CD21–/low MBCs
| Condition | CD21–/low phenotype | Control cells | Proliferation (stimuli) |
ASC/Ig secretion (stimuli) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DISEASE (peripheral blood) | |||||
| HIV | CD21– CD27– | CD27+ MBCs | Reduced (anti-Ig+CD40L), similar (anti-Ig + CD40L+ CpG) | Reduced frequency of ASC and increased frequency of HIV-specific ASC (S. aureus + CpG) | [38] |
| CVID | CD21-/low | Naïve B cells | Reduced (anti-Ig+cytokine+CD40L or CpG stimulation) | ND/ increased (cytokine+CD40L) | [21] |
| SLE | CD11chi | Classical MBCs | ND | Similar/ similar (Co-culture with anti-CD3 activated T cells) | [16] |
| SLE | CD21-/low CD11c+ Tbethi (DN2) | Classical MBCs | Reduced (R848 + cytokines) | Similar (R848 + cytokines) | [24] |
| Malaria | CD21–CD27– | Classical MBCs | Reduced (anti-Ig+ anti-CD40+cytokines+CPG) | None/ND (CpG, IL-10, SAC and PWM) | [75] |
| Malaria | CD21– CD27– MBCs | Classical MBCs | ND | Reduced/ ND (SEB + cTfh cells) | [29] |
| Established RA | CD21–/low | Classical MBCs | Similar (anti-Ig+ R848+ cytokine) | Similar/ ND (anti-Ig+ R848+ cytokine) | [25] |
| HEALTH | |||||
| PB | CD21–/low MBCs | Classical MBCs | Reduced (R848+IL2) similar (anti-Ig+ cytokine+ R848) | Similar/ ND (anti-Ig+ cytokine+ R848) | [51] |
| Tonsils | (CD21–/low) FcRL4+ MBCs | Classical FcRL4– MBCs | Reduced (anti-Ig), similar (cytokines+CD40L) | Increased/ND (cytokines + CD40L) | [9] |
Antibody secreting cells (ASC), anti-Ig (anti-Immunoglobulin), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), double negative 2 (DN2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), not determined (n/d), peripheral blood (PB), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Staphylococcus aureus Cowan (SAC), Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB), Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), CpG Toll like receptor 9 agonist, R848, Toll like receptor 7/8 agonist.