Table 1.
General characteristics of participants based on sarcopenia and central obesity status
| Healthy control | Central obesity | p value | Sarcopenia | Sarcopenic obesity | p value | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All subjects | 1167 | 858 | 814 | 132 | |||
| Age, years (Mean ± SE) | 71.9 ± 0.2 | 72.2 ± 0.2 | 0.213 | 73.5 ± 0.2 | 74.0 ± 0.5 | 0.337 | < 0.001 |
| 65 − 69 | 456 (38.4) | 345 (34.9) | 0.503 | 210 (26.9) | 28 (20.6) | 0.658 | < 0.001 |
| 70 − 74 | 375 (30.5) | 295 (33.8) | 251 (27.5) | 46 (30.2) | |||
| 75 − 79 | 219 (19.6) | 141 (20.2) | 214 (26.8) | 36 (28.3) | |||
| ≥ 80 | 117 (11.4) | 77 (11.1) | 139 (18.8) | 22 (21.0) | |||
| Sex | 0.028 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 432 (37.0) | 269 (31.3) | 512 (60.1) | 62 (42.9) | |||
| Female | 735 (63.0) | 589 (68.7) | 302 (39.9) | 70 (57.1) | |||
| Marital status | 0.288 | 0.017 | 0.003 | ||||
| Spouse/partner present | 759 (61.7) | 537 (58.7) | 589 (68.9) | 81 (56.0) | |||
| Spouse/partner absent (separated, divorced, widowed, or never married) | 406 (38.3) | 318 (41.3) | 222 (31.1) | 51 (44.0) | |||
| Educational level | 0.943 | 0.092 | 0.290 | ||||
| Elementary school graduate or less | 878 (75.0) | 640 (75.1) | 561 (69.9) | 99 (79.0) | |||
| Middle school graduate | 113 (10.0) | 93 (10.5) | 106 (13.4) | 18 (12.0) | |||
| High school graduate | 116 (9.8) | 85 (9.9) | 93 (10.3) | 11 (6.8) | |||
| College graduate or more | 55 (5.2) | 38 (4.5) | 48 (6.4) | 4 (2.1) | |||
| Household income | 0.386 | 0.172 | 0.125 | ||||
| First quartile (lowest) | 618 (51.2) | 445 (51.3) | 471 (58.0) | 65 (47.3) | |||
| Second quartile | 287 (25.1) | 203 (23.3) | 181 (23.1) | 37 (28.4) | |||
| Third quartile | 148 (13.9) | 98 (12.6) | 78 (10.1) | 22 (17.7) | |||
| Fourth quartile (highest) | 96 (9.8) | 101 (12.8) | 67 (8.9) | 5 (6.6) | |||
| Smoking | 0.070 | 0.009 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Never-smokers | 739 (62.1) | 581 (67.0) | 340 (41.5) | 72 (56.9) | |||
| Former smokers | 120 (11.7) | 86 (11.8) | 137 (17.0) | 13 (10.1) | |||
| Current smokers | 307 (26.2) | 191 (21.2) | 337 (41.5) | 47 (33.0) | |||
| Frequency of binge drinking | 0.971 | 0.301 | 0.602 | ||||
| Lifetime abstainer | 611 (52.2) | 443 (52.2) | 375 (46.9) | 78 (58.3) | |||
| Never in the previous year | 317 (26.9) | 225 (25.6) | 252 (30.4) | 24 (21.0) | |||
| Once a month or less | 139 (12.1) | 112 (12.7) | 104 (11.4) | 17 (10.9) | |||
| Once a week | 53 (5.2) | 46 (5.8) | 40 (6.0) | 7 (5.2) | |||
| Almost daily | 46 (3.7) | 31 (3.7) | 41 (5.3) | 6 (4.6) | |||
| Presence of diabetes | < 0.001 | 0.019 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 981 (82.0) | 614 (70.5) | 612 (72.9) | 89 (65.8) | |||
| Yes | 105 (9.3) | 170 (18.5) | 98 (13.2) | 29 (24.2) | |||
| Unknown | 81 (8.7) | 74 (11.0) | 104 (13.9) | 14 (10.0) |
Abbreviation: KNHANES Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
All data analyses conducted in the present study were based on weighted estimates with sample weight provided by KNHANES
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard error, and categorical variables are presented as n (%)
a Indicates statistical significance between the four groups