Table 2.
Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of participants based on sarcopenia and central obesity status
| Healthy control | Central obesity | p value | Sarcopenia | Sarcopenic obesity | p value | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASM (kg)b | 16.7 ± 0.1 | 17.8 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | 14.1 ± 0.1 | 14.7 ± 0.1 | 0.005 | < 0.001 |
| ASM/height2 (kg/m2)b | 6.74 ± 0.02 | 7.05 ± 0.03 | < 0.001 | 5.71 ± 0.02 | 5.80 ± 0.04 | 0.084 | < 0.001 |
| Total fat-free mass (kg)b | 41.4 ± 0.1 | 45.0 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 | 36.7 ± 0.2 | 39.5 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm)b | 79.9 ± 0.2 | 93.4 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 | 76.2 ± 0.3 | 91.8 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 22.8 ± 0.1 | 26.5 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 | 20.7 ± 0.1 | 24.1 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Total body fat percentage (%)b | 25.4 ± 0.2 | 31.5 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 | 27.1 ± 0.3 | 34.2 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome components | |||||||
| High triglycerides | < 0.001 | 0.004 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 705 (63.2) | 398 (50.2) | 481 (64.6) | 54 (46.0) | |||
| Yes | 380 (36.8) | 382 (49.8) | 232 (35.4) | 59 (54.0) | |||
| Low HDL cholesterol | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 473 (42.6) | 232 (29.7) | 397 (55.2) | 38 (32.0) | |||
| Yes | 612 (57.4) | 548 (70.3) | 316 (44.8) | 75 (68.0) | |||
| High blood pressure | < 0.001 | 0.034 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 415 (35.2) | 192 (22.0) | 285 (32.5) | 28 (21.5) | |||
| Yes | 752 (64.8) | 666 (78.0) | 528 (67.5) | 104 (78.5) | |||
| High fasting glucose | < 0.001 | 0.013 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 737 (65.8) | 374 (47.5) | 449 (61.3) | 52 (47.4) | |||
| Yes | 349 (34.2) | 410 (52.5) | 261 (38.7) | 66 (52.6) | |||
| Number of metabolic syndrome components present | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 118 (9.7) | 34 (4.0) | 89 (10.5) | 2 (4.3) | |||
| 1 | 326 (29.6) | 110 (13.6) | 218 (30.8) | 19 (12.9) | |||
| 2 | 306 (29.1) | 232 (30.5) | 221 (29.8) | 35 (29.1) | |||
| 3 | 236 (22.4) | 243 (32.1) | 113 (18.5) | 34 (36.7) | |||
| 4 | 91 (9.2) | 156 (20.0) | 65 (10.3) | 22 (16.9) | |||
Abbreviation: ASM appendicular skeletal muscle mass, BMI body mass index, HDL high-density lipoprotein
All data analyses conducted in the present study were based on weighted estimates with sample weight provided by KNHANES
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard error, and categorical variables are presented as n (%)
a Indicates statistical significance between the four groups
b Adjusted for age and sex