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. 2023 Mar 3;15:14. doi: 10.1186/s13073-023-01164-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — B cell remodeling after therapy. A UMAP plot of B cells colored by clusters. B Boxplot showing cellular fractions of each B cluster in TN (n = 3), MPR (n = 4), and NMPR (n = 8) patients. Center line indicates the median, lower, and upper hinges represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively, and whiskers denote 1.5× interquartile range. All differences with adjusted P < 0.10 are indicated. One-sided unpaired Wilcoxon test was used, and the P values were adjusted by the FDR method. C Violin plots of marker genes of B4_FCRL4 cells across clusters. D In situ multiplex immunofluorescence images of B4_FCRL4 cells in MPR and NMPR tumor tissues. E Violin and box plots of B4_FCRL4 signature in our validation cohort (9 patients were assessed as MPR and 12 as NMPR after surgery) before ICB + chemotherapy. One-sided unpaired Wilcoxon test was used. F Violin and box plots of B4_FCRL4 signature in responders (R) and non-responders (NR, removing SD patients) in advanced melanoma cohorts. Two-sided unpaired Wilcoxon test was used. G Kaplan–Meier survival curves of the signature of B4_FCRL4 in advanced melanoma cohort 2. Survival curves were compared by the log-rank test. H Summary of selected ligand-receptor interactions from CellPhoneDB among B4_FCRL4 cells, Tfhs and CD8+ T cells