Table 3. Details of treatment or intervention (rehabilitation program and medication).

MeTeOR: meniscal tear in osteoarthritis research; e-stim: electrical stimulation; NMES: neuromuscular electrical stimulation; IFC: interferential current; LE: lower extremity; SAQ: short arc quadriceps; LAQ: long arc quadriceps; HS: hamstrings; ROM: range of motion; PM: physical medicine; ET: exercise therapy; PT: physical therapy; MTE: muscle training and exercise; AAE: adapting alignment exercise; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Author, year	Intervention duration	Sessions	Program
			Warming up	Exercise/physical medicine	Cooling down
Graaf et al., 2018 [13]	8 weeks	16	Stationary bicycle	Calf raises on a leg press; standing hip extension in a “multi-hip” training device; balancing on wobble board with both feet; calf raises standing on one leg; leg presses with the shinbone placed horizontally and the knee starting at 110°; unilateral lunges with <90° knee flexion; balancing on wobble board with one foot with throwing a ball; cross-trainer for cardiovascular exercise; stair walking; walking; running; jumping (according to the patients’ icf with throwing a ball)	Stationary bicycle
Berg et al., 2020 [16]	12 weeks	24	Stationary bicycle	Neuromuscular exercises; squat; single-leg squat; step-up; knee stability in pull loop; hamstring on fitball; single-leg leg press; single-leg knee extension; single-leg leg curl; skating; limping cross	Not reported
Kise et al., 2019 [23]	12 weeks	24–36	Stationary bicycle	Neuromuscular exercises: squat; single-leg squat; step-up; knee stability in pull loop; hamstring on fitball; single-leg leg press; single-leg knee extension; single-leg leg curl; skating; limping cross	Not reported
Kise et al., 2016 [24]	12 weeks	24–36	Stationary bicycle	Squat; single-leg squat; step-up; knee stability in pull loop; hamstring on fitball; single-leg leg press; single-leg knee extension; single-leg leg curl; skating; limping cross	Stationary bicycle
Ahn et al., 2015 [25]	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	PT: strengthening exercise	Not reported
Lim et al., 2010 [26]	Medication: 8–12 weeks	16	Not reported	Medication: NSAIDs	Not reported
	PT: ≥8 weeks			Stretching of knee extensors and flexors; range of movement in the hip, knee, and ankle in all directions; stationary bicycling; straight leg raises with one leg; concentric knee flexion with two legs; concentric knee extension with two legs; mini squat with <45° flexion with weight
Yim et al., 2013 [27]	3 weeks	9	Not reported	Medication: NSAIDs; muscle relaxants	Not reported
				PT: muscle strength (knee extension in a sitting position, knee flexion in sitting position, half squats with <45° of flexion and weights, squats with full flexion and weights); endurance (stationary bicycling); flexibility (stretching of knee extensors and flexors)
Noorduyn et al., 2020 [28]	8 weeks	16	Stationary bicycle	PT: calf raises on a leg press; standing hip extension in a “multi-hip” training device; balancing on wobble board on both feet; calf raises standing on one leg; leg presses with the shinbone placed horizontally and the knee starting at 110°; unilateral lunges with < 90° knee flexion; balancing on wobble board on one foot while throwing a ball; cross-trainer as cardiovascular exercise; stair walking; walking; running; jumping (according to the patients icf while throwing a ball	Stationary bicycle
Ikuta et al., 2020 [29]	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	MTE: ROM exercise; muscle strengthening exercises; home exercises: ankle and knee ROM exercises; quadriceps strength; hip abduction strength; weight-bearing exercises	Not reported
				AAE: ROM exercises; muscle strengthening exercises; knee malalignment during the stance phase of gait (AAE, weight-bearing exercises); home exercise: ankle and knee ROM exercise; quadriceps strength; hip abduction strength
Kudo et al., 2013 [30]	12 weeks	24	Stretching	ET (group): strengthening muscles around the knee, trunk, hip, and ankle using a combination of open leg kinetic chain exercises, isotonic and isometric squats and calf raises, stationary bicycle for 20–40 minutes at an exercise intensity of 55%–65% of predicted maximum heart rate; stabilization exercises on the stationary bicycle focusing on the knee joints and incorporating the pelvis and core; balance ball and balance cushion to improve standing postural balance and core muscle strength	Stretching
				ET (home): muscle strengthening; stabilization exercises
Stensrud et al., 2015 [31]	12 weeks	24–36	Stationary bicycle	Neuromuscular exercises: squat; single-leg squat; step-up/down; knee stability in pull loop; one-leg flying-balance; skating; limping cross; lunges. Strength exercises: single-leg leg press; single-leg knee extension; single-leg leg curl; hamstring on fitball	Stationary bicycle
Neogi et al., 2013 [32]	12 weeks	30	Not reported	Medications: celecoxib 200 mg; ibuprofen sustained release 1,600 mg; NSAIDs; paracetamol 4 g/day; tramadol sustained release 100 mg	Not reported
				PT: stretching of knee extensors and flexors; range of movement in the hip, knee, and ankle in all directions; stationary bicycling; concentric knee flexion with two legs and eccentric knee flexion with one leg; knee flexion with one leg and gradually increasing resistance with a thera-band; straight leg raises with a weight attached to one leg (increased as tolerated); mini squat with <80° flexion without weights; mini squat with <80° flexion with weights
Prati et al., 2017 [33]	5 weeks	10	Not reported	MeTeOR trial	Not reported
Sonesson et al., 2020 [34]	12 weeks	24	Stationary bicycle	PT: leg press; hip adductors; hip abductors; heel raise; ball squat; standing on a balance board on one leg	Not reported
				Home exercise: brisk walk; squat; pelvic lift; pelvic lift with a ball between the knees and one knee extended; heel raise; wall squat; standing on a pillow on one leg
Katz et al., 2013 [35]	6 weeks	6–12	Not reported	MeTeOR trial (the three-stage structured program)	Not reported
				Phase I-acute phase: Decrease inflammation: retrograde massage; cryotherapy; electrical stimulation: NMES or IFC manual therapy: joint mobilization; soft tissue mobilization; stretching LE muscles; open chain exercises: quad sets SAQ/LAQ/HS curls hip-4-way closed chain exercises: bicycle; elliptical; treadmill; leg press; balance/proprioception
				Phase II-subacute phase: Decrease inflammation: retrograde massage; cryotherapy; electrical stimulation: NMES or IFC manual therapy: joint mobilization; soft tissue mobilization; stretching LE muscles; open chain exercises: addition of more concentric/eccentric hip/knee progressive resistive exercises; ROM exercises; closed chain exercises: resisted terminal knee extension; modified mini squats; step up/down progressions; toe raises; functional and agility training
				Phase III-advanced activity phase: Stretching program (continued); pre-therapeutic exercises program (continued); closed chain program with progression: dynamic single-leg stance; plyometrics; running; sport specificity training
Başar et al., 2021 [36]	PM: 4 weeks	PM: 12	Not reported	Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; low-intensity pulsed ultrasound	Not reported
	ET: 8 weeks	ET: 24		Neuromuscular and strength exercises (concentric and eccentric exercises in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing positions)