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. 2023 Feb 28;18:1063–1083. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S398446

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© 2023 Wang et al.

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The effect of macrophages on the expression of osteogenesis-related genes in BMSCs. The bar graphs shows that macrophages increased BMP-2, RUNX2, OPN, and OC mRNA levels in BMSCs at 24 and 48 h after being activated using hypoxia or CSF. ^##p < 0.01, ^#p < 0.05. Each experiment was repeated five times.