Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Oncogene. 2022 Jan 20;41(8):1140–1154. doi: 10.1038/s41388-021-02155-z

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Glutamine nitrogen is largely enriched in nucleotide biosynthesis. A and D, Heat-map showing the comparison of nitrogen-contained metabolites in two paired PCa cell lines (LNCaP versus PC3 in A and C4-2 versus C4-2MDVR in D). B and E, Pathway impact analysis showing metabolic pathways that are significantly altered in advanced PCa cells (PC3 in B, C4-2MDVR in E). C and F, Metabolite abundance of nucleotides and derivatives in the indicated PCa cell lines. G, Chemical structure of purine and pyrimidine bases. H and I, Amide (γ)-15N-glutamine tracing analysis showing the incorporation of glutamine into dihydroorotate (H) and CTP (I) in the indicated PCa cell lines. J, Schematic overview of how glutamine amine (α) and amide (γ)-nitrogen contribute to the pyrimidine assembly. K and L, Amine (α)-15N-glutamine tracing analysis showing the incorporation of glutamine into dihydroorotate (K) and CTP (L) in the indicated PCa cell lines. Data are depicted as mean ± s.d. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001 by two-tailed Student’s t-test.