Table 1.
Univariate Comparison Between the GBPs and Control Groups
| Overall (n=297) | GBPs Group (n=60) | Control Group (n=237) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 55.97±11.10 | 54.85±10.44 | 56.26±11.26 | 0.381 |
| Gender | 0.002 | |||
| Male | 179(60.3) | 46(76.7) | 133(56.1) | |
| Female | 118(39.7) | 14(23.3) | 104(43.9) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.97±3.20 | 25.35±2.97 | 23.62±3.17 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 64(21.5) | 15(23.4) | 49(20.7) | 0.468 |
| Alcohol | 120(40.4) | 27(45.0) | 93(39.2) | 0.418 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.42±12.40 | 130.38±12.05 | 126.68±12.40 | 0.038 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.05±9.56 | 77.68±8.64 | 74.38±9.68 | 0.017 |
| Fatty liver | 96(32.3) | 34(56.6) | 62(26.1) | <0.001 |
| Gallstone diseases | 25 (8.4) | 5(8.4) | 20(8.4) | 0.979 |
| Diabetes | 45 (15.1) | 12 (20.0) | 33 (13.9) | 0.241 |
| MS | 44(14.8) | 14(23.3) | 30(12.7) | 0.038 |
| SIBO-positive | 103(34.6) | 30(50.0) | 73(30.8) | 0.005 |
| FG (mmol/L) | 5.23±0.71 | 5.43±0.78 | 5.18±0.68 | 0.021 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.32±0.33 | 1.23±0.25 | 1.34±0.34 | 0.003 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.87±0.81 | 3.00±0.80 | 2.84±0.81 | 0.167 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.77±1.97 | 1.90±1.66 | 1.73±2.05 | 0.551 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.87±1.13 | 4.98±1.21 | 4.84±1.16 | 0.387 |
| TBA (μmmol/L) | 5.05±4.62 | 4.69±3.24 | 5.14±4.91 | 0.509 |
| ALB (g/L) | 40.46±3.23 | 41.10±3.02 | 40.29±3.27 | 0.084 |
| ALT (U/L) | 22.00±16.00 | 24.32±11.37 | 21.41±16.93 | 0.209 |
| AST (U/L) | 21.31±7.59 | 22.35±7.36 | 21.05±7.64 | 0.233 |
| ALP (U/L) | 78.12±25.63 | 74.87±21.84 | 78.84±26.48 | 0.272 |
| DBIL (μmmol/L) | 2.73±1.07 | 2.73±0.81 | 2.73±1.13 | 0.987 |
| TBIL (μmmol/L) | 12.20±6.01 | 12.69±4.43 | 12.08±6.36 | 0.486 |
| γ-GT (U/L) | 30.92±35.43 | 38.33±30.11 | 28.95±36.53 | 0.068 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SIBO, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MS, metabolic syndrome; FG, fasting glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; TBA, total bile acids; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; DBIL, direct bilirubin; TBIL, total bilirubin; γ-GT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.