Table 2.
The number, age-standardized rate, and temporal trend of liver cancer burden attributable to alcohol use from 1990 to 2019
| Death | DALYs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | Average annual percentage change (95% CI), 1990–2019 | 1990 | 2019 | Average annual percentage change (95% CI), 1990–2019 | |||||
| Case (103) | Age-standardized death rate (per 100 000 person-years) | Case (103) | Age-standardized death rate (per 100 000 person-years) | Count (103) | Age-standardized DALY rate (per 100 000 person-years) | Count (103) | Age-standardized DALY rate (per 100 000 person-years) | |||
| Overall | 54,066 | 1.34 | 96,052.6 | 1.17 | − 0.467 (− 0.657 to − 0.276) | 1,524,731 | 36.04 | 2,379,072 | 28.43 | − 0.815 (− 0.934 to − 0.695) |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 12,241.5 | 0.57 | 19,231.8 | 0.44 | − 0.942 (− 1.047 to − 0.836) | 312,956.6 | 14.41 | 438,597.2 | 10.06 | − 1.241 (− 1.342 to − 1.139) |
| Male | 41,824.6 | 2.23 | 76,820.8 | 2.01 | − 0.377 (− 0.513 to − 0.241) | 1,211,775 | 59.48 | 1,940,475 | 48.37 | − 0.706 (− 0.846 to − 0.565) |
| Socio-demographic index | ||||||||||
| High SDI | 11,354.8 | 1.09 | 27,972 | 1.5 | 1.111 (1–1.223) | 279,116.1 | 27.8 | 606,895.8 | 35.28 | 0.813 (0.739–0.887) |
| High–middle SDI | 16,231.6 | 1.5 | 19,514.9 | 0.95 | − 1.588 (− 1.846 to − 1.328) | 453,842.3 | 40.67 | 483,137.9 | 23.83 | − 1.864 (-2.172 to − 1.555) |
| Middle SDI | 19,050 | 1.76 | 32,426.1 | 1.29 | − 1.045 (− 1.313 to − 0.777) | 583,649.2 | 49.25 | 866,662 | 32.64 | − 1.389 (− 1.681 to − 1.097) |
| Low–middle SDI | 5459.8 | 0.91 | 11,923.4 | 0.88 | − 0.143 (− 0.386–0.1) | 155,156 | 23.35 | 309,938.4 | 21.48 | − 0.291 (− 0.481 to − 0.101) |
| Low SDI | 1939.5 | 0.86 | 4163.8 | 0.84 | − 0.061 (− 0.092 to − 0.03) | 52,230 | 20.53 | 111,202.7 | 19.96 | − 0.082 (− 0.113 to − 0.051) |
| Region | ||||||||||
| Andean Latin America | 314.7 | 1.61 | 594.2 | 1.09 | − 1.291 (− 1.82 to − 0.759) | 7579.3 | 36.22 | 12,839.1 | 22.91 | − 1.469 (-1.923 to − 1.013) |
| Australasia | 197.1 | 0.83 | 765.5 | 1.59 | 2.237 (2.078–2.396) | 4846.2 | 20.9 | 17,287.5 | 38.37 | 2.117 (1.963–2.272) |
| Caribbean | 535.6 | 2.06 | 594.7 | 1.15 | − 1.928 (− 2.422 to − 1.431) | 12,592.7 | 47.5 | 13,760.4 | 26.58 | − 1.924 (− 2.394 to − 1.451) |
| Central Asia | 404 | 0.88 | 1864.2 | 2.6 | 3.775 (3.574–3.975) | 10,714.6 | 22.3 | 50,593.5 | 63.03 | 3.622 (3.399–3.846) |
| Central Europe | 3159.4 | 2.13 | 3092.7 | 1.43 | − 1.406 (− 1.563 to − 1.248) | 75,262.2 | 50.06 | 68,144.6 | 33.35 | − 1.432 (− 1.588 to − 1.276) |
| Central Latin America | 861.3 | 1.06 | 2587.7 | 1.12 | 0.181 (− 0.139–0.502) | 21,931 | 25.05 | 60,116.3 | 25.2 | 0.042 (− 0.29–0.375) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 85.2 | 0.39 | 184.8 | 0.36 | − 0.315 (− 0.44 to − 0.19) | 2410.1 | 9.5 | 5379.7 | 8.83 | − 0.251 (− 0.386 to − 0.115) |
| East Asia | 23,643.4 | 2.49 | 22,640.1 | 1.07 | − 2.867 (− 3.342 to − 2.39) | 754,030.6 | 74.28 | 646,687.5 | 30.24 | − 3.046 (− 3.497 to − 2.593) |
| Eastern Europe | 1416.3 | 0.5 | 3642.7 | 1.06 | 2.619 (2.151–3.088) | 36,139.7 | 12.69 | 88,262.7 | 26.62 | 2.593 (2.049–3.141) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 589.5 | 0.82 | 1381.6 | 0.89 | 0.305 (0.215–0.395) | 15,783.8 | 19.59 | 37,087.6 | 21.08 | 0.251 (0.164–0.339) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 3441.1 | 1.67 | 6737.4 | 1.55 | − 0.215 (− 0.414 to − 0.015) | 93,054.4 | 44.34 | 137,540.9 | 36.68 | − 0.633 (-0.855 to − 0.411) |
| High-income North America | 2227.6 | 0.64 | 8874.8 | 1.44 | 2.892 (2.788–2.996) | 52,843.9 | 15.84 | 209,827.5 | 35.72 | 2.893 (2.764–3.022) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 969.1 | 0.58 | 2572 | 0.61 | 0.134 (− 0.14–0.408) | 25,551.7 | 13.97 | 67,567.5 | 14.63 | 0.12 (− 0.077–0.318) |
| Oceania | 13.2 | 0.47 | 30.2 | 0.47 | –0.033 (− 0.114–0.049) | 368.8 | 11.3 | 823.3 | 10.9 | − 0.139 (− 0.248 to − 0.03) |
| South Asia | 3593 | 0.66 | 10,077.1 | 0.73 | 0.411 (0.228–0.596) | 98,386.4 | 16 | 257,846.7 | 17.42 | 0.336 (− 0.069–0.742) |
| Southeast Asia | 3656.1 | 1.45 | 11,223.5 | 1.9 | 0.867 (0.69–1.045) | 102,078.1 | 36.39 | 286,101.6 | 44.49 | 0.667 (0.447–0.888) |
| Southern Latin America | 251.4 | 0.54 | 652.2 | 0.77 | 1.252 (0.937–1.567) | 5899.6 | 12.52 | 14,231.9 | 17.27 | 1.12 (0.829–1.412) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 367.7 | 1.32 | 802.2 | 1.41 | 0.364 (− 0.085–0.815) | 10,640.9 | 34.58 | 22,895.6 | 36.56 | 0.378 (0.024–0.734) |
| Tropical Latin America | 517.9 | 0.58 | 1822.3 | 0.76 | 0.966 (0.8–1.132) | 13,695.7 | 13.98 | 43,701.3 | 17.65 | 0.793 (0.589–0.998) |
| Western Europe | 6941.4 | 1.2 | 14,057.7 | 1.58 | 0.962 (0.871–1.053) | 157,779.5 | 28.56 | 289,770.7 | 36.02 | 0.792 (0.709–0.875) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 880.9 | 1.04 | 1855 | 1.06 | 0.087 (0.024–0.15) | 23,142 | 24.7 | 48,606.4 | 24.24 | − 0.065 (− 0.155–0.025) |
DALYs disability-adjusted life-years