Figure 2.

Three approaches to social cognition with different types of theory (left) and experimental methods (right). The traditional solo model (a) examines specific tasks in isolated participants. The enactivist approach (b) replaces traditional models with a new dynamic model of face-to-face interaction and studies these in dynamic face2face tasks. The additive model (c) suggests that solo brain processes may be enhanced and engaged differently in interaction (green boxes) or entirely new processes may be engaged (yellow boxes). These processes are critical in interactive social behaviour which connects brains and can best be studied in face-to-face tasks.