Skip to main content
. 2023 Mar 6;4(2):102189. doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102189

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Expanding VLP-EV fusion assays to diverse coronaviruses

(A and B) S15-LgBiT EVs containing either DPP4 (A) or CEACAM (B) were harvested and purified by SEC. 5 μL of each 0.5-mL fraction were complemented with HiBiT in presence of substrate and passive lysis buffer. The signals at fractions 7–9 include peak EV eluates. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM).

(C) MERS VLPs were mixed with SEC-purified DPP4 EVs.

(D) MHV VLPs were mixed with SEC-purifed CEACAM EVs. VLPs and EVs were pre-incubated for 30 min at 37°C. Trypsin (50 ng/μL) and nanoluciferase substrate were then added, and luminescence readings were taken every 2 min in a 37°C luminometer. Background is defined as RLU generated by parallel fusion assays in which VLPs lacked S proteins. Error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM).