Table 3.
An overview of aminotransferase homologs in Thermococcales.
| Species | Class | Gene number | Group | Function (Annotation)* | Amino donor** | Amino acceptor** | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pyrococcus furiosus | I | PF1253 | G1 | Aromatic aminotransferase | Phe, Tyr, Trp | 2-OG | Ward et al. (2002) |
| PF0522 | G2 | (Aspartate aminotransferase) | |||||
| PF1497 | G3 | Alanine aminotransferase | Ala, Glu, (Asp, Ile, Leu) | 2-OG, Pyr | Ward et al. (2000) | ||
| PF1702 | G4 | Aspartate aminotransferase | Asp, (Glu) | 2-OG, (Pyr, phenylpyruvate) | Ward et al. (2002) | ||
| PF0121 | G6 | Aromatic aminotransferase | Phe, Tyr, Trp | 2-OG | Andreotti et al. (1995) | ||
| PF1665 | G7 | (Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase) | |||||
| PF0293 | G8 | (Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase) | |||||
| II | PF1685 | (Acetylornithine aminotransferase) | |||||
| PF1421 | (4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase) | ||||||
| PF1232 | (4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase) | ||||||
| PF0513 | (Putative glutamate aminotransferase) | ||||||
| III | ND | ND | |||||
| IV | PF0164 | (Cysteine desulfurase) | |||||
| PF1066 | (Putative aminotransferase) | ||||||
| PF1472 | (Aspartate/serine transaminase) | ||||||
| PF1778 | (Serine hydroxymethyltransferase) | ||||||
| PF1999 | (Glycine dehydrogenase subunit 1) | ||||||
| PF2000 | (Glycine dehydrogenase subunit 2) | ||||||
| Pyrococcus horikoshii | I | PH1371 | G1 | Aromatic aminotransferase | Phe, Tyr, Trp, (His) | Phenylpyruvate, 2-OG | Matsui et al. (2000) |
| PH0771 | G2 | (Aspartate aminotransferase) | |||||
| PH1322 | G3 | (Alanine-synthesizing aminotransferase) | |||||
| PH0207 | G6 | Kynurenine aminotransferase | Kynurenine | 2-OG, OAA, 2-oxobutyrate, 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyrate | Okada et al. (2012) | ||
| PH0377 | G8 | (Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase) | |||||
| II | PH1716 | (Long hypothetical acetylornithine aminotransferase) | |||||
| PH1501 | (Long hypothetical aminotransferase) | ||||||
| PH1423 | Ornithine δ-aminotransferase | l-Orn, l-Lys, d-Orn, d-Lys, (5-aminovalerate, 6-aminohexanoate, GABA) | 2-OG, (Pyr) | Kawakami et al. (2022) | |||
| PH0782 | Alanine/serine racemase | Ala, Ser*** | Kawakami et al. (2018) | ||||
| PH0138 | Amino acid racemase | Phe, Leu, Met, (Tyr, Ile, Val, Trp, Ala)*** | Kawakami et al. (2015, 2017) | ||||
| III | ND | ND | |||||
| IV | PH0626 | (Long hypothetical protein) | |||||
| PH1308 | (Long hypothetical serine aminotransferase) | ||||||
| PH1654 | (Long hypothetical serine hydroxymethyltransferase) | ||||||
| PH1994 | (Glycine dehydrogenase subunit 2) | ||||||
| PH1995 | (Glycine dehydrogenase subunit 1) | ||||||
| Thermococcus litoralis | I | OCC_04737 | G1 | Aromatic aminotransferase | Phe, Tyr, Trp | 2-OG | Andreotti et al. (1994) |
| OCC_08839 | G2 | (Aminotransferase) | |||||
| OCC_03788 | G3 | (Alanine aminotransferase) | |||||
| OCC_03517 | (Hypothetical protein) | ||||||
| OCC_10965 | Aspartate aminotransferase | ||||||
| OCC_05516 | G4 | (Aspartate aminotransferase) | |||||
| OCC_02240 | G5 | Alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase | Ala | Glyoxylate | Sakuraba et al. (2004) | ||
| OCC_04335 | G6 | Aromatic aminotransferase | Phe, Tyr, Trp | 2-OG | Andreotti et al. (1994) | ||
| OCC_11814 | (Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase) | ||||||
| OCC_11984 | (Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase) | ||||||
| II | OCC_00582 | (4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase) | |||||
| OCC_08410 | (4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase) | ||||||
| OCC_10945 | Moderate-substrate specificity amino acid racemase | Met, Leu, (Phe, Ala, Ser)*** | Kawakami et al. (2021) | ||||
| III | ND | ND | |||||
| IV | OCC_11247 | (Cysteine desulfurase) | |||||
| OCC_00972 | (Aminotransferase) | ||||||
| OCC_11879 | (Aspartate aminotransferase) | ||||||
| OCC_07124 | (Glycine dehydrogenase subunit 1) | ||||||
| OCC_07119 | (Glycine dehydrogenase subunit 2) | ||||||
| Thermococus kodakarensis | I | TK0548 | G1 | Aromatic aminotransferase | Tyr, Phe, Trp, His | 2-OG, (Pyr) | This study |
| TK2268 | G2 | Aspartate aminotransferase | Glu, Asp | 2-OG, (Pyr) | This study | ||
| TK1094 | G3 | (Alanine aminotransferase) | Kanai et al. (2015) | ||||
| TK0260 | G4 | Aspartate aminotransferase | |||||
| TK0186 | G6 | (2-Aminoadipate transaminase) | |||||
| TK0250 | G7 | (Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase) | |||||
| TK0864 | G8 | (Threonine-O-3-phosphate decarboxylase) | |||||
| II | TK0275 | LysW-γ-L-lysine aminotransferase | Yoshida et al. (2016) | ||||
| TK1211 | Leu/Met racemase | Leu, Met*** | Zheng et al. (2021) | ||||
| TK2101 | Ornithine ω-aminotransferase | l-Orn, l-Lys, (d-Orn, d-Lys) | 2-OG, 2-oxoadipate, (OAA, Pyr) | Zheng et al. (2018) | |||
| III | ND | ND | |||||
| IV | TK1990 | Cysteine desulfurase | Cys*** | Hidese et al. (2014) | |||
| TK1303 | (Hypothetical protein, conserved) | ||||||
| TK1548 | (Probable serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase) | ||||||
| TK1379 | (Glycine cleavage system protein P, subunit 2) | ||||||
| TK1380 | (Glycine cleavage system protein P, subunit 1) |
*Functions in parentheses are based on annotation. **Compounds in parentheses are less recognized substrates. ***Substrates for the indicated enzymes other than aminotransferases. 2-OG, 2-oxoglutarate; OAA, oxaloacetate; Orn, ornithine; Pyr, pyruvate; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; ND, not detected.