Table 3.
FIC index values of AgNPs in combination with antibiotics: ampicillin (AM), kanamycin (K); streptomycin (S), and tetracycline (TE) against bacteria.
| Test microorganisms | FIC index | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AgNPs+AM | AgNPs+K | AgNPs+S | AgNPs+ TE | |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 | 1 | 1 | 0.0625 | 1 |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | 1 | 1 | 0.0652 | 1 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 | 1 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 | 1 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 | 0.125 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Listeria monocytogenes PCM 2191 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Salmonella enterica PCM 2565 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Salmonella infantis | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 |
FIC values > 2.0 denote antagonistic activity, from 0.5 to 2.0 signify an additive effect, while values < 0.5 specify a synergistic effect of antimicrobials (Ruden et al., 2009).