Table 2.
Median (interquartile range) values are presented for the dependent variables across indoor and outdoor.
| Indoor TUGS | Outdoor TUGS | p-value, effect size | Indoor TUGTEXT | Outdoor TUGTEXT | p-value, effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gait Speed (m/sec) | 2.1 (1.5–2.9) | 2.2 (1.7–3.0) | p = 0.2, ES = 0.3 | 1.7 (1.1–2.1) | 1.6 (1.2–1.9) | p = 0.2, ES = 0.2 |
| Gait Speed DTC (%) | −30.3 (−40.3–−12.7) | −37.0 (−45.6–−12.4) | p = 0.1, ES = 0.3 | |||
| Step count (step) | 11.0 (10–12.7) | 11.0 (10.0–12.7) | p = 0.1, ES = 0.3 | 14.0 (13.0–15.7) | 14.0 (13.0–16.0) | p = 0.74, ES = 0.1 |
| Step count DTC (%) | −24.7 (−36.4–−17.0) | −29.3 (−39.1–−18.6) | p = 0.2, ES = 0.3 | |||
| Sit-to-stand Time (sec) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.4) | p = 0.8, ES = 0.05 | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.2–1.4) | p = 0.94, ES = 0.01 |
| Sit-to-stand DTC (%) | −2.7 (−19.2–13.7) | 0.8 (−10.9–13.7) | p = 0.2, ES = 0.3 | |||
| Walk time (sec) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | p = 0.01, ES = 0.6 | 1.7 (1.3–2.6) | 1.8 (1.5–2.5) | p = 0.6, ES = 0.1 |
| Walk Time DTC (%) | −43.8 (−67.7–−14.7) | −64.0 (−89.2–−44.0) | p = 0.008, ES = 0.7 | |||
| Turn Time (sec) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | p = 0.9, ES = 0.008 | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | p = 0.09, ES = 0.4 |
| Turn Time DTC (%) | −23.9 (−58.8–−7.8) | −24.9 (−42.8–−2.3) | p = 0.057, ES = 0.4 | |||
| Stand-to-sit Time (sec) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | p = 0.4, ES = 0.2 | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | p = 0.4, ES = 0.2 |
| Stand-to-sit Time DTC (%) | −3.3 (−12.8–19.9) | −10.2 (−21.5–17.4) | p = 0.2, ES = 0.3 | |||
| Number of Responses in Texting Task | 6.0 (5.0–7.75) | 7.0 (5.25–8.75) | p = 0.2, ES = 0.3 | |||
| Accuracy (%) | — | 73.3 (51.8–83.0) | 67.5 (44.6–87.1) | p = 0.35, ES = 0.2 |
DTC, dual-tasking cost; TUGS, single-task TUG; TUGVF, TUG with verbal fluency task; TUGTEXT, TUG with texting task.