. 2023 Jan 30;12(2):e220461. doi: 10.1530/EC-22-0461
This work is licensed under a Table 1.
Basic characteristics of study population stratified by menopausal status.
| Characteristicsa | Overall | Premenopause | Postmenopause | P valuesb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 4092 | 1948 | 2144 | |
| Age, years | 49.58 ± 17.51 | 35.31 ± 9.48 | 62.55 ± 12.26 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.54 ± 6.29 | 28.08 ± 6.46 | 28.95 ± 6.10 | <0.001 |
| Serum cotinine, ng/mL | 48.90 ± 115.06 | 51.68 ± 111.55 | 46.35 ± 118.15 | 0.141 |
| Race, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Mexican American | 724 (17.69%) | 385 (19.76%) | 339 (15.81%) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 2052 (50.15%) | 897 (46.05%) | 1155 (53.87%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 703 (17.18%) | 335 (17.20%) | 368 (17.16%) | |
| Others | 613 (14.98%) | 331 (16.99%) | 282 (13.15%) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <High school | 1082 (26.44%) | 439 (22.54%) | 643 (29.99%) | |
| High school | 922 (22.53%) | 391 (20.07%) | 531 (24.77%) | |
| >High school | 2088 (51.03%) | 1118 (57.39%) | 970 (45.24%) | |
| Annual family income, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <$20,000 | 950 (23.22%) | 380 (19.51%) | 570 (26.59%) | |
| $20,000–44,999 | 1404 (34.31%) | 644 (33.06%) | 760 (35.45%) | |
| ≥$45,000 | 1738 (42.47%) | 924 (47.43%) | 814 (37.97%) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Sedentary | 1249 (30.52%) | 434 (22.28%) | 815 (38.01%) | |
| Insufficient | 615 (15.03%) | 267 (13.71%) | 348 (16.23%) | |
| Moderate | 490 (11.97%) | 250 (12.83%) | 240 (11.19%) | |
| High | 1738 (42.47%) | 997 (51.18%) | 741 (34.56%) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Married/cohabiting | 2261 (55.25%) | 1137 (58.37%) | 1124 (52.43%) | |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 1177 (28.76%) | 304 (15.61%) | 873 (40.72%) | |
| Never married | 654 (15.98%) | 507 (26.03%) | 147 (6.86%) | |
| Smoker, n (%) | 0.002 | |||
| No | 2473 (60.43%) | 1225 (62.89%) | 1248 (58.21%) | |
| Yes | 1619 (39.57%) | 723 (37.11%) | 896 (41.79%) | |
| Drinker, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 2573 (62.88%) | 557 (28.59%) | 962 (44.87%) | |
| Yes | 1519 (37.12%) | 1391 (71.41%) | 1182 (55.13%) | |
| Calcium intake, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 1531 (37.41%) | 680 (34.91%) | 851 (39.69%) | |
| Middle | 1462 (35.73%) | 656 (33.68%) | 806 (37.59%) | |
| High | 1099 (26.86%) | 612 (31.42%) | 487 (22.71%) | |
| Use of prednisone or cortisone, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3853 (94.16%) | 1866 (95.79%) | 1987 (92.68%) | |
| Yes | 239 (5.84%) | 82 (4.21%) | 157 (7.32%) |
aMean ± S.D. for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables were weighted.
bP values for differences between the premenopause and postmenopause groups were calculated by Mann–Whitney U test and chi-square test, respectively.