Table 3.
Clinical characteristics among patients stratified by early death in the training cohort.
| Characteristics | Overall | Early death | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||
| n | 1509 | 666 | 843 | |
| Age [mean (SD)] | 64.98 (10.23) | 65.07 (10.08) | 64.92 (10.35) | 0.779 |
| Sex (%) | 0.019 | |||
| Female | 221 (14.6) | 81 (12.2) | 140 (16.6) | |
| Male | 1288 (85.4) | 585 (87.8) | 703 (83.4) | |
| Race (%) | 0.668 | |||
| Black | 222 (14.7) | 98 (14.7) | 124 (14.7) | |
| Others | 185 (12.3) | 74 (11.1) | 111 (13.2) | |
| Unknown | 6 (0.4) | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.4) | |
| White | 1096 (72.6) | 491 (73.7) | 605 (71.8) | |
| Marital status (%) | 0.004 | |||
| Married | 694 (46.0) | 340 (51.1) | 354 (42.0) | |
| Others | 390 (25.8) | 164 (24.6) | 226 (26.8) | |
| Single | 348 (23.1) | 133 (20.0) | 215 (25.5) | |
| Unknown | 77 (5.1) | 29 (4.4) | 48 (5.7) | |
| T stage (%) | 0.025 | |||
| T0 | 15 (1.0) | 5 (0.8) | 10 (1.2) | |
| T1 | 343 (22.7) | 175 (26.3) | 168 (19.9) | |
| T2 | 187 (12.4) | 82 (12.3) | 105 (12.5) | |
| T3 | 456 (30.2) | 201 (30.2) | 255 (30.2) | |
| T4 | 140 (9.3) | 49 (7.4) | 91 (10.8) | |
| TX | 368 (24.4) | 154 (23.1) | 214 (25.4) | |
| N stage (%) | 0.001 | |||
| N0 | 948 (62.8) | 451 (67.7) | 497 (59.0) | |
| N1 | 288 (19.1) | 103 (15.5) | 185 (21.9) | |
| NX | 273 (18.1) | 112 (16.8) | 161 (19.1) | |
| Fibrosis score (%) | 0.040 | |||
| Ishak 0–4 | 45 (3.0) | 28 (4.2) | 17 (2.0) | |
| Ishak 5–6 | 192 (12.7) | 87 (13.1) | 105 (12.5) | |
| Unknown | 1272 (84.3) | 551 (82.7) | 721 (85.5) | |
| AFP level (%) | 0.032 | |||
| Negative | 189 (12.5) | 100 (15.0) | 89 (10.6) | |
| Positive | 928 (61.5) | 395 (59.3) | 533 (63.2) | |
| Unknown | 392 (26.0) | 171 (25.7) | 221 (26.2) | |
| Tumor size (mm, %) | 0.001 | |||
| Less than 45 | 92 (6.1) | 50 (7.5) | 42 (5.0) | |
| 46–85 | 114 (7.6) | 65 (9.8) | 49 (5.8) | |
| More than 86 | 190 (12.6) | 69 (10.4) | 121 (14.4) | |
| Unknown | 1113 (73.8) | 482 (72.4) | 631 (74.9) | |
| Brain metastases (%) | 0.519 | |||
| No | 1400 (92.8) | 623 (93.5) | 777 (92.2) | |
| Unknown | 60 (4.0) | 25 (3.8) | 35 (4.2) | |
| Yes | 49 (3.2) | 18 (2.7) | 31 (3.7) | |
| Liver metastases (%) | 0.071 | |||
| No | 1343 (89.0) | 602 (90.4) | 741 (87.9) | |
| Unknown | 59 (3.9) | 28 (4.2) | 31 (3.7) | |
| Yes | 107 (7.1) | 36 (5.4) | 71 (8.4) | |
| Lung metastases (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1106 (73.3) | 556 (83.5) | 550 (65.2) | |
| Unknown | 59 (3.9) | 24 (3.6) | 35 (4.2) | |
| Yes | 344 (22.8) | 86 (12.9) | 258 (30.6) | |
| Surgery of lymph (%) | 0.182 | |||
| Yes | 10 (0.7) | 7 (1.1) | 3 (0.4) | |
| None/unknown | 1499 (99.3) | 659 (98.9) | 840 (99.6) | |
| Cancer-directed surgery (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 43 (2.8) | 36 (5.4) | 7 (0.8) | |
| None/unknown | 1466 (97.2) | 630 (94.6) | 836 (99.2) | |
| Radiation (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 597 (39.6) | 376 (56.5) | 221 (26.2) | |
| None/unknown | 912 (60.4) | 290 (43.5) | 622 (73.8) | |
| Chemotherapy (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 582 (38.6) | 409 (61.4) | 173 (20.5) | |
| None/unknown | 927 (61.4) | 257 (38.6) | 670 (79.5) | |
SD, Standard deviation; T, tumor; N, node; AFP, alpha fetoprotein.