Table 2. Association of Sex and Race and Ethnicity With Prevalence of Hypertension, Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Obesity, and Smoking History Among US Adults Aged 20 to 44 Years, 2015–March 2020a.
| No. | Hypertensionb | Diabetesc | Hyperlipidemiad | Obesitye | Smoking historyf | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
| Sexg | |||||||||||
| Female | 2990 | 8.6 (7.3-10.0) | 1 [Reference] | 4.5 (3.5-5.4) | 1 [Reference] | 32.6 (30.1-35.1) | 1 [Reference] | 39.6 (37.0-42.2) | 1 [Reference] | 32.7 (29.7-35.7) | 1 [Reference] |
| Male | 2608 | 14.1 (11.9-16.3) | 1.88 (1.55-2.29) | 4.1 (3.2-5.1) | 0.96 (0.65-1.41) | 40.5 (37.9-43.1) | 1.47 (1.26-1.71) | 39.7 (35.7-43.7) | 1.01 (0.83-1.22) | 46.6 (43.8-49.3) | 1.86 (1.61-2.16) |
| Race and ethnicityh | |||||||||||
| Asian | 773 | 7.6 (5.5-9.7) | 0.65 (0.43-0.98) | 3.3 (2.1-4.4) | 0.92 (0.59-1.44) | 40.4 (36.1-44.6) | 1.16 (0.93-1.45) | 16.5 (13.9-19.1) | 0.30 (0.24-0.38) | 16.1 (12.7-19.6) | 0.22 (0.16-0.29) |
| Black | 1371 | 19.3 (16.7-21.9) | 2.12 (1.57-2.86) | 6.4 (5.1-7.6) | 1.91 (1.28-2.86) | 30.8 (28.2-33.4) | 0.77 (0.65-0.92) | 45.4 (42.3-48.5) | 1.31 (1.08-1.60) | 29.5 (26.3-32.7) | 0.50 (0.39-0.63) |
| Mexican American | 899 | 9.6 (7.9-11.3) | 0.89 (0.63-1.26) | 7.7 (6.0-9.4) | 2.48 (1.6-3.82) | 38.9 (36.1-41.8) | 1.15 (0.95-1.39) | 48.7 (44.7-52.7) | 1.52 (1.24-1.86) | 31.3 (28.4-34.2) | 0.53 (0.42-0.67) |
| Other Hispanic | 644 | 8.7 (6.2-11.2) | 0.77 (0.51-1.15) | 3.7 (2.4-4.9) | 1.07 (0.69-1.64) | 36.6 (31.1-42.1) | 1.01 (0.75-1.36) | 39.6 (35.0-44.2) | 1.04 (0.84-1.3) | 32.0 (28.5-35.4) | 0.55 (0.42-0.72) |
| White | 1617 | 10.7 (8.4-12.9) | 1 [Reference] | 3.4 (2.5-4.3) | 1 [Reference] | 36.3 (33.5-39.2) | 1 [Reference] | 38.8 (35.2-42.4) | 1 [Reference] | 45.4 (41.4-49.5) | 1 [Reference] |
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.
Nationally representative estimates of US adults aged 20 to 44 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Estimates are from the most recent NHANES cycles to provide contemporaneous estimates of prevalence by sex as well as by race and ethnicity (2015 to March 2020).
Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg, or a prescription for antihypertensive therapy.
Diabetes was defined as a hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5% or a health care diagnosis of diabetes.
Hyperlipidemia was defined as a total cholesterol level of ≥200 mg/dL or a health care diagnosis of high cholesterol.
Obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥30 (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).
Smoking history was defined as self-report of smoking at least 100 cigarettes ever.
Comparisons by sex were performed using logistic regression models that adjusted for age and race and ethnicity. Sex was determined by self-report.
Comparisons by race and ethnicity were performed using logistic regression models that adjusted for age and sex. Race and ethnicity were based on self-report to closed-ended questions. Asian, Black, and White adults included only those self-reporting as non-Hispanic. Other Hispanic adults included those self-reporting as Hispanic but not as Mexican American. Data for Asian adults were collected only from 2011 onward. Other races and ethnicities were not included due to small sample size (n = 294).