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. 2023 Mar 6;21(3):e07867. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7867

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© 2023 European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. EFSA Journal published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Changes in outcome indicator of ESBL‐ and/or AmpC producing E. coli (OI_ESC), 27 EU MSs and 4 non‐MSs, 2014–2021

(↓)/(↑): indicates statistically significant decreasing/increasing trends over the 2014–2021 period.

Rates of change are shown for the statistically significant decreasing/increasing trends observed.