Table 1.

Baseline characteristics.

	Initial attempt (n = 366)	Re-attempt (n = 253)	P
Age [years]*	62 (37–86)	61 (33–87)	0.114
Hypertension	81.4% (298)	81.4% (206)	1
Diabetes	27.3% (100)	24.1% (61)	0.402
Male gender	83.6% (306)	80.6% (204)	0.391
Smoking	44.8% (164)	47.8% (121)	0.462
COPD	11.7% (43)	7.1% (18)	0.074
Body mass index*	27.5 (18.0–46.7)	27.4 (17.0–45.0)	0.604
Total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL	21.2% (49)	17.9% (35)	0.464
LDL cholesterol > 100 mg/dL	48.5% (112)	47.7% (93)	0.923
HDL cholesterol > 40 mg/dL	68.0% (157)	67.7% (132)	1
Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL	45.9% (106)	48.2% (94)	0.697
Peripheral artery disease	12.0% (44)	12.3% (31)	1
Family liability for CAD	28.1% (103)	26.1% (66)	0.583
Prior MI	30.9% (113)	37.5% (95)	0.100
Prior CABG	9.6% (35)	9.1% (23)	0.889
Prior PCI	47.3% (238)	43.5% (32)	0.367
Ejection fraction ≥ 40%	94.0% (505)	97.2% (66)	0.080
Multivessel disease	79.0% (289)	67.9% (172)	0.003
CTO location:			0.003
LAD	32.5% (119)	20.6% (52)
LCX	10.9% (40)	14.2% (36)
RCA	54.9% (201)	65.2% (165)

^*Median (min–max);

CABG — coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD — coronary artery disease; COPD — chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CTO — chronic total occlusion; HDL — high density lipoprotein; LAD — left anterior descending; LDL — low density lipoprotein; LCX — left circumflex; MI — myocardial infarction; PCI — percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA — right coronary artery