Figure 2. Effects of active versus passive condition after pain relief and pain increase in each drug condition.
Means (bars) and 95% confidence intervals of means (error bars) for VAS pain intensity ratings (A, B, C) and behaviorally assessed pain perception (D, E, F; within-trial sensitization in pain perception in °C) for each drug session (placebo: n=28, levodopa: n=27, naltrexone: n=28). d indicates the standardized effect size after controlling for random effects and residual variance. ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, for post-hoc comparisons of test versus control trials.