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. 2023 Mar 6;14:1252. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36885-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Schematic diagram of sensors attached to the various arteries and the principle to detect the systolic and diastolic pressure. b Pulse signal detected with different external pressures. Inset: using a blood pressure cuff to apply pressure. c Extracted interpreted pulse waveforms under the pressure of 20 and 5 kPa. d Augmentation index (AIx), reflection index (RI), and frequency of the pulse waveforms in different states, including drinking, exercise, and rest. Top: Pulse frequency variation obtained by Fourier transform. e Poincare plot of a 25-year-old male for a long-term pulse detection of 200 s. f Real-time pulse wave shown on a smart phone via App interface for human health monitoring. g Multiple sensors attached to the front of the finger to detect the different grasping postures. The sensors at fingertip have large voltage with a half hold apple (h), and all sensors have a higher voltage when the apple is fully grasped (i).