Table 3.

Global life expectancy table for dogs (all purebred and mixed breed combined).

Age interval in years (x, x + 1)	P(x) total population	d(x) decease population	m(x)	q(x)	l(x)	L(x)	T(x)	e(x)	95% CI
0–1	1,608,758	43,476	0.0270	0.0267	100,000	97,867	1,269,213	12.69	12.68–12.70
1–2	1,331,906	14,276	0.0107	0.0107	97,334	96,815	1,171,346	12.03	12.03–12.04
2–3	1,177,583	11,310	0.0096	0.0096	96,296	95,836	1,074,532	11.16	11.15–11.17
3–4	1,093,330	11,480	0.0105	0.0104	95,375	94,877	978,696	10.26	10.25–10.27
4–5	1,066,987	13,148	0.0123	0.0122	94,379	93,801	883,819	9.36	9.36–9.37
5–6	1,008,031	16,145	0.0160	0.0159	93,223	92,483	790,017	8.47	8.47–8.48
6–7	935,213	19,637	0.0210	0.0208	91,742	90,789	697,535	7.60	7.60–7.61
7–8	887,776	26,388	0.0297	0.0293	89,836	88,520	606,746	6.75	6.75–6.76
8–9	810,013	35,663	0.0440	0.0431	87,205	85,326	518,225	5.94	5.93–5.95
9–10	707,952	45,257	0.0639	0.0619	83,448	80,863	432,899	5.19	5.18–5.20
10–11	614,524	56,118	0.0913	0.0873	78,279	74,860	352,036	4.50	4.49–4.50
11–12	484,797	60,550	0.1249	0.1176	71,442	67,243	277,175	3.88	3.87–3.89
12–13	371,564	64,343	0.1732	0.1594	63,044	58,020	209,932	3.33	3.32–3.34
13–14	265,424	61,806	0.2329	0.2086	52,997	47,470	151,912	2.87	2.86–2.88
14–15	168,706	51,430	0.3048	0.2645	41,943	36,395	104,442	2.49	2.48–2.50
15–16	92,503	35,442	0.3831	0.3215	30,848	25,888	68,047	2.21	2.19–2.22
16–17	42,472	19,224	0.4526	0.3691	20,929	17,066	42,159	2.01	2.00–2.03
17+	26,010	13,687	0.5262	0.4166	13,204	25,092	25,092	1.90	1.88–1.92

P(x), total population (survivors plus deceased) at the mid-point of the age interval (x, x + 1); d(x), deceased study population in the age interval (x, x + 1); m(x), central rate of death in the age interval (x, x + 1); q(x), conditional probability of death in the age interval (x, x + 1); l(x), number of a hypothetical population of dogs surviving to the age of x years, calculated from a starting population of 100,000 dogs at birth subject throughout life to the same conditional probability of death as the actual population at each age interval; L(x), number of dog years lived at age x, based on the hypothetical starting population of 100,000 dogs at birth; T(x), number of dog-years lived beyond year x; e(x), life expectancy for dogs in the age interval (x, x + 1); CI, confidence interval.