TABLE 6.

Initial response countries to food insecurity in selected Middle East countries.

Response category	Intervention types	Country examples
Trade control and diversification	Bans on cereals exports; certification of new suppliers; brokerage of deals for new shipments; buy-outs from foreign stockpiles	Algeria, Egypt Jordan, Libya, Tunisia, Turkey
Support to domestic markets	Stabilization of fertilizers costs; incentives for local farmers; increased monitoring and anti-profiteering controls	Egypt, Tunisia, Turkey, Lebanon
International cooperation and aid programs	Emergency food aid (mainly through WFP); refinancing instruments through IMF; ramping up of social programs; direct support to organizations delivering food aid	Egypt, Lebanon, Sudan, Yemen
Regional cooperation mechanisms (through GCC states)	Investments in state companies; central bank deposits; direct food-related aid	Egypt, Yemen, Lebanon