Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics According to Quintilea of Dietary Index for Men (n = 315,780), National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study, United States 1995–2011
| HEI-2015 Quintiles | AHEI-2010 Quintile | aMed Quintile | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | |
| Median score | 52.5 (5.1) | 67.7 (1.5) | 79.5 (3.2) | 38.5 (4.1) | 52.0 (1.5) | 66.4 (4.8) | 2.5 (0.7) | 5.0 (0.0) | 7.4 (0.6) | |||||||||
| Age at baseline, years | 61.5 (5.5) | 62.3 (5.3) | 63.1 (5.1) | 61.9 (5.5) | 62.3 (5.3) | 62.6 (5.2) | 62.1 (5.4) | 62.3 (5.3) | 62.5 (5.2) | |||||||||
| Self-reported raceb | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 92.8 | 92.3 | 93.1 | 92.9 | 92.4 | 92.8 | 92.9 | 92.5 | 92.8 | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3.0 | |||||||||
| Others | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.3 | |||||||||
| College graduate or postgraduate | 32.1 | 45.7 | 54.6 | 34.0 | 44.0 | 56.2 | 37.1 | 45.1 | 52.1 | |||||||||
| Body mass indexc | 27.5 (4.7) | 27.5 (4.3) | 26.6 (3.9) | 27.5 (4.5) | 27.4 (4.3) | 26.7 (4.1) | 27.4 (4.4) | 27.3 (4.3) | 27.0 (4.3) | |||||||||
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||||||
| Never smoker | 23.3 | 29.5 | 33.5 | 26.5 | 29.4 | 31.0 | 24.0 | 28.9 | 34.7 | |||||||||
| Quit ≥10 years ago | 35.5 | 45.6 | 49.1 | 37.5 | 44.3 | 49.6 | 40.5 | 44.7 | 46.2 | |||||||||
| Quit 1–9 years ago | 13.2 | 11.4 | 8.9 | 12.6 | 11.1 | 9.8 | 13.0 | 11.4 | 9.0 | |||||||||
| Current smoker or stopped within 1 year | 23.7 | 9.7 | 4.9 | 19.4 | 11.3 | 6.0 | 18.2 | 11.1 | 6.5 | |||||||||
| Self-reported diabetes | 9.1 | 11.0 | 10.1 | 9.1 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 10.9 | 10.2 | |||||||||
| Physical activity ≥20 minutes, ≥5×/week | 14.9 | 20.5 | 29.3 | 15.1 | 20.1 | 29.8 | 15.0 | 21.5 | 29.1 | |||||||||
| Regular multivitamin use | 44.3 | 52.4 | 58.7 | 46.5 | 52.1 | 57.0 | 46.5 | 52.1 | 57.9 | |||||||||
| Alcohol intake, ≥3 drinks/day | 9.8 | 11.4 | 10.2 | 20.6 | 10.1 | 3.0 | 20.1 | 9.4 | 3.2 | |||||||||
| Mean daily dietary intake | ||||||||||||||||||
| Energy, kcals/day | 2,243 (999) | 1,992 (816) | 1,836 (688) | 2,104 (903) | 1,987 (845) | 1,984 (774) | 1,730 (808) | 2,007 (798) | 2,365 (843) | |||||||||
| Red meat, ounce eq/1,000 kcal | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.6) | 0.7 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.6) | 0.7 (0.5) | 1.1 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.7 (0.5) | |||||||||
| Processed meat, ounce eq/1,000 kcal | 1.0 (1.0) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.6) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.7) | |||||||||
| Median score | 18.5 (1.6) | 24.0 (0.0) | 29.4 (1.6) | 1.1 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.2) | 5.8 (0.8) | ||||||||||||
| Age at baseline, years | 61.5 (5.5) | 62.4 (5.3) | 62.8 (5.2) | 61.8 (5.4) | 62.3 (5.3) | 62.8 (5.2) | ||||||||||||
| Self-reported raceb | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 90.9 | 93.3 | 93.5 | 92.7 | 92.9 | 92.4 | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3.6 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 2.1 | ||||||||||||
| Others | 4.1 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 4.3 | ||||||||||||
| College graduate or postgraduate | 35.9 | 45.0 | 52.6 | 36.8 | 44.1 | 52.0 | ||||||||||||
| Body mass indexc | 27.5 (4.5) | 27.4 (4.3) | 24.7 (4.2) | 27.6 (4.6) | 27.5 (4.3) | 26.6 (4.0) | ||||||||||||
| Smoking | ||||||||||||||||||
| Never smoker | 24.0 | 28.9 | 34.5 | 26.4 | 28.0 | 32.8 | ||||||||||||
| Quit ≥10 years ago | 38.3 | 44.7 | 47.1 | 38.0 | 44.6 | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
| Quit 1–9 years ago | 13.5 | 11.2 | 8.9 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 9.9 | ||||||||||||
| Current smoker or stopped within 1 year | 20.0 | 11.3 | 5.8 | 19.6 | 12.0 | 5.5 | ||||||||||||
| Self-reported diabetes | 8.2 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 7.3 | 11.0 | 11.5 | ||||||||||||
| Physical activity ≥20 minutes, ≥5×/week | 14.1 | 20.0 | 31.4 | 15.9 | 19.4 | 30.1 | ||||||||||||
| Regular multivitamin use | 44.8 | 51.7 | 58.6 | 45.4 | 51.5 | 58.3 | ||||||||||||
| Alcohol intake, ≥3 drinks/day | 16.2 | 10.5 | 6.4 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 5.6 | ||||||||||||
| Mean daily dietary intake | ||||||||||||||||||
| Energy, kcals/day | 1,914 (847) | 1,989 (833) | 2,181 (829) | 2,231 (917) | 2,006 (817) | 1,745 (711) | ||||||||||||
| Red meat, ounce eq/1,000 kcal | 1.3 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.5) | 0.6 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.4) | ||||||||||||
| Processed meat, ounce eq/1,000 kcal | 0.9 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.6) | ||||||||||||
Abbreviations: AHEI-2010, Alternative Heathy Eating Index; aMed, alternate Mediterranean diet; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; eq, equivalent; HEI-2015, Healthy Eating Index-2015; SD, standard deviation.
a Quintile 1, lowest; quintile 3, middle; quintile 5, highest.
b Other races/ethnicities include Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander or American Indian, and Alaskan Native.
c Weight (kg)/height (m)2.