Table 1.
Weights Applied to Donor States to Create a Synthetic Control for Each Intervention State in Order to Estimate the Effect of Implementation of Good Samaritan Laws on Overall (All Races/Ethnicities) Drug Overdose Mortality, United States, 2015–2019
| Intervention State | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donor State a | Michigan | Missouri | Nebraska | Ohio | Oregon | South Dakota | South Carolina |
| California | 0b,c | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 |
| Colorado | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.40 | 0.03 |
| Connecticut | 0.22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| Washington, DC | 0 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.18 |
| Delaware | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.01 |
| Georgia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.43 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Illinois | 0.30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.35 | 0.30 |
| Massachusetts | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maryland | 0 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.10 |
| Minnesota | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | 0.29 |
| North Carolina | 0 | 0 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| New Jersey | 0 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |
| New Mexico | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 |
| New York | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.40 | 0 | 0 |
| Pennsylvania | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rhode Island | 0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Utah | 0.23 | 0 | 0.55 | 0 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0 |
| Vermont | 0 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Washington | 0 | 0.48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Wisconsin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 |
Abbreviation: DC, District of Columbia.
a The synthetic control method selects a subset of donor states and creates a weighted average of those states to generate a counterfactual postpolicy trend for each state and population.
b “0” indicates a weight with an absolute value less than 0.0001.
c Weights sum to 1.