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. 2023 Feb 21;14:1123541. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1123541

Table 3.

Comparison of clinical outcomes between AOA and non-AOA after motile or immotile sperm injection.

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 P-value P1-value P2-value
No. of ET cycles 155 100 87 / /
Age (years) 29.95 (27, 33) 30.25 (27, 34) 29.11 (27, 32) 0.366 0.346 0.107
Embryos per transfer 1.51 (1, 2) 1.56 (1, 2) 1.41 (1, 2) 0.131 0.433 0.057
Blastocyst-stage ET rate (%) 24.37 (58/238) 24.84 (39/157) 19.20 (24/125) 0.464 0.915 0.259
Implantation rate (%) 34.87 (83/238) 31.85 (50/157) 28.00 (35/125) 0.408 0.533 0.484
Clinical pregnancy rate (%) 43.87 (68/155) 41.00 (41/100) 34.48 (30/87) 0.360 0.651 0.360
Miscarriage rate (%) 17.65 (12/68)a,b 2.44 (1/41)b 20.00 (6/30)a 0.043* 0.018* 0.014*
Pregnancy rate of first ET (%) 67.09 (53/79)a 50.00 (32/64)a,b 40.28 (29/72)b 0.004* 0.039* 0.255
Live birth rate (%) 36.13 (56/155) 40.00 (40/100) 27.59 (24/87) 0.194 0.533 0.074
Neonatal outcomes of embryo transfer 0.369 0.634 0.307
 Singletons (%) 78.57 (44/56) 82.50 (33/40) 91.67 (22/24)
 Twins (%) 21.43 (12/56) 17.50 (7/40) 8.33 (2/24)
Baby’s sex 0.030* 0.011* 0.606
  Birth babies 68 47 26
  Male (%) 39.71 (27/68)a 63.83 (30/47)b 57.69 (15/26)a,b
  Female (%) 60.29 (41/68) 36.17 (17/47) 42.31 (11/26)
Birth weight (g)
  Singletons 3177.84 ± 435.03 3175.76 ± 444.40 3200.45 ± 424.29 0.975 0.795 0.970
  Twins 2220.83 ± 646.29 2156.64 ± 671.03 2358.75 ± 130.28 0.849 0.850 0.110
Body length (cm)
  Singletons 49.34 (48.00, 50.75) 50.06 (49.00, 51.00) 50.00 (50.00, 50.25) 0.708 0.607 0.661
  Twins 46.00 (45.25, 48.75) 44.29 (43.00, 48.00) 47.00 (46.00, 48.00) 0.712 0.455 0.518
Early neonatal death rate (%) 0 0 0
Birth defect rate (%) 0 0 0

Values are mean ± standard deviation; median (Quartile1, Quartile3) or percent (n).

Group 1, AOA after motile sperm injection; Group 2, non-AOA after motile sperm injection; Group 3, AOA after immotile sperm injection.

P1, Group 1 compared with group 2; P2, Group 3 compared with group 2. Focusing on P1 and P2, the comparison between group 1 and group 3 was not performed.

a,b Different superscript letters indicate statistical significance between groups (P<.05).

*Significantly different (P<.05).

AOA, assisted oocyte activation; ET, embryo transfer.