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. 2023 Feb 21;14:1090039. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1090039

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of TUDCA treatment on WAT, BAT, PVAT and liver fat during obesity. (A) In WAT adipocytes, ER stress inhibition with TUDCA is associated with increased mitochondrial fission and content, decreased ROS, and increased insulin sensitivity and adiponectin secretion. (B) In BAT, TUDCA increases thermogenesis and expression of UCP-1. (C) In PVAT, ER stress inhibition with TUDCA is associated with decreased ROS, increased anticontractile and endothelial function. (D) In hepatocytes, in addition to inhibiting ER and oxidative stress, TUDCA treatment increases insulin sensitivity, decreases fat accumulation and adipocyte apoptosis. ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ROS: reactive oxygen species. UCP-1: uncoupling protein-1.