Table 4.
Interrupted time series analysis of patient background and actual and predicted ICU performance after Tele-ICU implementation
| Variables | Apr–Jun. 2018 | Jul–Sep. 2018 | Oct–Dec. 2018 | Jan–Mar. 2019 | Apr–Jun. 2019 | Jul–Sep. 2019 | Oct–Dec. 2019 | Jan–Mar. 2020 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admitted patient, n | 547 | 659 | 753 | 760 | 724 | 742 | 584 | 669 | 0.724 |
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 70 [17, 90] | 70 [16, 90] | 70 [16, 90] | 71 [17, 90] | 70.5 [18, 90] | 70 [16, 90] | 72 [16, 90] | 72 [17, 90] | 0.024 |
| Male, n (%) | 306 (55.9) | 409 (62.1) | 467 (62.0) | 459 (60.4) | 465 (64.2) | 461 (62.1) | 364 (62.3) | 418 (62.5) | 0.511 |
| APACHE IV score at admission, median [IQR] | 45 [9, 177] | 46 [6, 164] | 49 [7, 194] | 49 [7, 211] | 48 [8, 159] | 49 [9, 188] | 50 [9, 163] | 51 [9, 207] | 0.003 |
| Post elective surgery, n (%) | 308 (58.6) | 342 (52.5) | 403 (53.9) | 351 (46.3) | 379 (52.6) | 374 (51.1) | 225 (40.6) | 289 (43.7) | 0.336 |
| Intubated, n (%) | 60 (11.0) | 66 (10.0) | 115 (15.3) | 89 (11.7) | 116 (16.0) | 127 (17.1) | 100 (17.1) | 139 (20.8) | 0.015 |
| ICU performance | |||||||||
| Actual ICU mortality, n (%) | 24 (4.4) | 27 (4.1) | 27 (3.6) | 32 (4.2) | 23 (3.2) | 31 (4.2) | 17 (2.9) | 28 (4.2) | 0.785 |
| Predicted ICU mortality (%), median [IQR] | 1.10 [0.10, 96.20] | 1.20 [0.10, 93.40] | 1.65 [0.10, 96.60] | 1.85 [0.10, 96.20] | 1.50 [0.10, 91.10] | 1.60 [0.10, 93.80] | 1.90 [0.10, 90.90] | 1.80 [0.10, 97.30] | 0.022 |
| Actual hospital mortality, n (%) | 36 (6.6) | 50 (7.6) | 62 (8.2) | 66 (8.7) | 44 (6.1) | 63 (8.5) | 36 (6.2) | 61 (9.1) | 0.631 |
| Predicted hospital mortality (%), median [IQR] | 3.35 [0.20, 98.50] | 3.50 [0.30, 95.60] | 4.25 [0.20, 97.10] | 4.90 [0.20, 97.70] | 4.20 [0.20, 95.10] | 3.85 [0.20, 98.80] | 5.00 [0.30, 86.20] | 4.65 [0.20, 97.70] | 0.056 |
| Actual ICU LOS (days), median [IQR] | 0.96 [0.00, 77.86] | 1.00 [0.00, 48.61] | 1.00 [0.01, 67.96] | 1.13 [0.00, 418.06] | 1.03 [0.04, 48.24] | 1.01 [0.00, 48.54] | 1.04 [0.03, 33.76] | 1.03 [0.01, 78.77] | 0.869 |
| Predicted ICU LOS (days), median [IQR] | 3.08 [0.04, 14.57] | 3.10 [0.17, 11.13] | 3.37 [0.17, 12.02] | 3.41 [0.17, 14.19] | 3.34 [0.11, 11.54] | 3.32 [0.17, 13.23] | 3.32 [0.14, 12.27] | 3.39 [0.17, 11.77] | 0.057 |
| Actual hospital LOS (days), median [IQR] | 16.44 [0.09, 401.70] | 16.17 [0.06, 417.74] | 18.10 [0.09, 418.06] | 16.96 [0.27, 418.06] | 17.04 [0.06, 417.74] | 16.61 [0.09, 333.09] | 16.39 [0.03, 238.80] | 16.08 [0.12, 333.09] | 0.193 |
| Predicted hospital LOS (days), median [IQR] | 12.61 [0.65, 60.97] | 12.23 [1.38, 47.14] | 12.47 [1.72, 55.78] | 11.17 [0.05, 56.23] | 11.29 [0.17, 64.74] | 11.66 [0.11, 57.21] | 10.53 [1.48, 54.06] | 10.77 [0.43, 57.94] | 0.004 |
The predicted value was obtained from the APACHE IV score. Interrupted time series analysis was used for evaluating 2-year quarterly data
APACHE acute physiological and chronic health evaluation, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, LOS length of stay, DOV duration of ventilation