Table 1.
General characteristics of the sample across 4 years
| Variables |
2018 (n = 293) |
2019 (n = 887) |
2020 (n = 501) |
2021 (n = 575) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 12.6 (2.12) | 10.9 (2.65) | 10.9 (2.94) | 10.4 (2.58) |
| Weight (kg) | 47.9 (14.07) | 42.8 (14.70) | 44.6 (16.76) | 41.6 (14.21) |
| Height (cm) | 152.7 (13.43) | 145.8 (15.77) | 146.5 (17.64) | 144.2 (15.72) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.1 (3.53) | 19.6 (3.72) | 20.0 (3.94) | 19.5 (3.74) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 11.5 (6.01) | 10.5 (5.75) | 11.2 (6.42) | 10.4 (5.79) |
| Fat mass (%) | 23.2 (6.79) | 23.6 (6.62) | 24.2 (6.70) | 24.2 (6.85) |
| Muscle mass (kg) | 34.4 (9.29) | 30.6 (9.97) | 31.7 (11.39) | 29.5 (9.53) |
| Muscle mass (%) | 72.7 (6.41) | 72.3 (6.23) | 71.7 (6.31) | 71.8 (6.47) |
| ASMM (kg) | 1.5 (0.58) | 1.4 (0.53) | 1.3 (0.49) | 1.3 (0.54) |
| MFR (kg/kg) | 3.5 (1.25) | 3.5 (1.57) | 3.1 (1.13) | 3.2 (1.12) |
| Grip strength-to-BMI (kg/kg/m2) | 1.3 (0.42) | 1.1 (0.40) | 1.0 (0.41) | 1.0 (0.40) |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 26.4 (9.20) | 20.9 (9.27) | 20.0 (9.49) | 20.1 (8.70) |
| Handgrip strength (pc) | 64 (27.81) | 51 (29.03) | 46 (29.21) | 56 (28.43) |
| 20-mSRT (stages) | 6 (2.15) | 5 (2.32) | 5 (2.54) | 4.5 (2.25) |
| 20-mSRT (pc) | 68 (22.05) | 67 (24.52) | 62 (25.99) | 63 (25.06) |
| VO2max (ml/kg/min) | 48.3 (4.97) | 48.9 (4.90) | 47.8 (5.37) | 47.6 (4.65) |
| Vertical jump (cm) | No data | 22.1 (6.48) | 23.3 (7.24) | 22.0 (6.45) |
| Vertical jump (pc) | No data | 47 (26.61) | 44 (25.14) | 45 (26.03) |
Data are presented as mean (SD)
kg kilogrammes, cm centimetres, m metres, BMI body mass index, ASMM appendicular skeletal muscle mass, MFR muscle-fat-ratio, pc percentile, 20-mSRT 20-m Shuttle-Run Test, VO2max maximal oxygen uptake