Table 2.
Differences in boys on physical fitness parameters regard weight status–based World Health Organization BMI-for-age reference
| Boys | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | ||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 5–10 | 17.3 (0.99) | 18.0 (1.22) | 19.6 (1.51) | 14.6 (0.28) ¥ | 15.7 (0.38) | 16.7 (0.42) | 13.6 (0.38) ¥ | 13.4 (0.57) | 15.3 (0.52) | 14.1 (0.48) Ŷ ¥ | 17.4 (0.69) | 16.3 (0.60) |
| 11–18 | 28.6 (8.22) Ŷ | 32.2 (9.58) | 31.2 (10.23) | 25.6 (0.46) Ŷ ¥ | 29.6 (0.63) | 29.3 (0.87) | 26.9 (0.74) | 28.8 (1.08) | 30.3 (1.36) | 26.7 (0.58) | 27.0 (0.96) | 27.98 (1.21) | |
| Handgrip strength (pc) | 5–10 | 58 (6.14) | 68 (7.50) | 80 (9.28) | 47 (57.41) Ŷ ¥ | 57 (3.24) | 63 (3.52) | 37 (3.16) ¥ | 39 (4.70) | 55 (4.31) | 45 (3.07) Ŷ ¥ | 68 (4.45) | 63 (3.88) |
| 11–18 | 58 (2.55) Ŷ | 73 (3.99) | 71 (5.32) | 43 (1.93) Ŷ ¥ | 60 (2.64) | 58 (3.68) | 44 (2.73) ¥ | 53 (3.97) | 61 (5.01) | 56 (2.53) | 61 (4.20) | 60 (5.34) | |
| VO2max (ml/kg/min) | 5–10 | 52.0 (0.82) ¥ | 49.5 (0.99) | 46.7 (1.27) | 52.4 (0.31) Ŷ ¥ | 49.9 (0.43) ƛ | 46.9 (0.47) | 51.5 (0.36) Ŷ ¥ | 49.4 (0.54) ƛ | 46.4 (0.49) | 50.6 (0.42) ¥ | 49.3 (0.53) ƛ | 47.0 (0.53) |
| 11–18 | 50.6 (0.39) Ŷ ¥ | 48.2 (0.62) ƛ | 43.2 (0.85) | 50.9 (0.31) Ŷ ¥ | 48.1 (0.43) ƛ | 43.5 (0.60) | 51.1 (0.51) Ŷ ¥ | 46.9 (0.74) ƛ | 42.2 (0.93) | 49.7 (0.40) Ŷ ¥ | 46.9 (0.66) ƛ | 42.2 (0.85) | |
| 20-mSRT (pc) | 5–10 | 85 (4.48) ¥ | 72 (5.39) | 56 (6.96) | 80 (1.76) Ŷ ¥ | 70 (2.46) ƛ | 50 (2.70) | 75 (2.23) Ŷ ¥ | 65 (3.29) ƛ | 46 (3.02) | 73 (2.50) ¥ | 65 (3.61) ƛ | 50 (3.18) |
| 11–18 | 70 (1.74) Ŷ ¥ | 61 (2.74) ƛ | 38 (3.76) | 69 (1.52) Ŷ ¥ | 56 (2.09) ƛ | 33 (2.93) | 70 (2.26) Ŷ ¥ | 50 (3.31) ƛ | 31 (4.14) | 65 (1.99) Ŷ ¥ | 49 (3.31) ƛ | 26 (4.24) | |
| Vertical jump (cm) | 5–10 | No data available | 21.0 (0.44) Ŷ ¥ | 18.9 (0.60) ƛ | 15.9 (0.64) | 21.5 (0.39) ¥ | 20.1 (0.59) ƛ | 17.2 (0.54) | 21.1 (0.43) ¥ | 19.8 (0.63) ƛ | 17.1 (0.55) | ||
| 11–18 | 28.2 (0.57) ¥ | 27.1 (0.72) ƛ | 22.0 (0.91) | 30.0 (0.48) ¥ | 28.6 (0.70) ƛ | 25.7 (0.88) | 28.3 (0.48) Ŷ ¥ | 24.5 (0.80) ƛ | 21.3 (1.02) | ||||
| Vertical jump (pc) | 5–10 | No data available | 62 (2.68) Ŷ ¥ | 50 (3.64) ƛ | 35 (3.95) | 62 (2.58) ¥ | 56 (3.83) ƛ | 35 (3.51) | 61 (2.79) ¥ | 50 (4.40) ƛ | 37(3.53) | ||
| 11–18 | 41 (2.47) ¥ | 37. (3.13) ƛ | 19 (3.94) | 40 (2.00) ¥ | 34 (2.91) | 25 (3.67) | 44 (2.05) Ŷ ¥ | 30 (3.40) | 19 (4.32) | ||||
Data are presented as mean (SD). Ŷ significant differences (p < 0.05) between normal weight and overweight. ¥ significant differences (p < 0.05) between normal weight and obesity. ƛ significant differences (p < 0.05) between overweight and obesity. An one-way ANOVA for independent samples was used as statistical analysis
kg kilogrammes, cm centimetres, pc percentile, 20-mSRT 20-m Shuttle-Run Test, VO2max maximal oxygen uptake