Table 3.
Differences in girls on physical fitness parameters regard weight status–based World Health Organization BMI-for-age reference
| Girls | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | ||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 5–10 | 15.2 (0.78) | 13.7 (1.29) | No data | 13.4 (0.35) | 14.3 (5.28) | 15.2 (0.72) | 12.9 (0.43) | 14.4 (0.64) | 12.5 (0.80) | 12.6 (0.38) Ŷ | 14.6 (0.61) Ŷ | 13.4 (0.63) |
| 11–18 | 24.9 (0.81) | 25.0 (1.30) | 28.7 (1.83) | 21.3 (0.50) Ŷ | 24.0 (0.71) | 24.0 (1.21) | 21.1 (0.65) | 22.7 (1.07) | 12.5 (1.25) | 23.4 (0.59) | 24.0 (0.86) | 17.3 (1.54) | |
| Handgrip strength (pc) | 5–10 | 61 (7.17) | 43 (11.93) | No data | 51 (3.49) | 62 (5.23) | 67 (7.16) | 44 (4.47) | 63 (6.68) | 49 (8.69) | 49 (3.43) | 59 (5.51) | 57 (5.71) |
| 11–18 | 66 (4.28) | 64 (6.87) | 81 (9.68) | 42 (61.80) Ŷ | 62 (4.69) | 59 (7.94) | 38 (4.01) | 50 (6.55) | 41 (7.69) | 62 (2.96) | 66 (4.34) | 80 (7.52) | |
| VO2max (ml/kg/min) | 5–10 | 46.9 (0.63) | 46.1 (1.05) | No data | 49.7 (0.35) Ŷ ¥ | 47.6 (0.53) | 45.8 (0.71) | 48.1 (0.38) ¥ | 46.6 (0.57) | 45.3 (0.74) | 48.3 (0.31) ¥ | 47.1 (0.50) | 46.3 (0.52) |
| 11–18 | 45.9 (0.66) Ŷ ¥ | 42.2 (1.07) | 39.8 (1.51) | 46.0 (0.42) Ŷ ¥ | 43.9 (0.63) | 40.0 (1.11) | 44.2 (0.62) ¥ | 41.3 (1.02) | 38.7 (1.20) | 45.6 (0.54) Ŷ ¥ | 42.3 (0.78) | 39.7 (1.34) | |
| 20-mSRT (pc) | 5–10 | 83 (4.65) | 67 (7.74) | No data | 83 (2.12) Ŷ ¥ | 73 (3.22) | 58 (4.34) | 78 (3.16) Ŷ ¥ | 64 (4.68) | 50 (6.09) | 74 (2.76) ¥ | 65 (4.46) | 60 (4.63) |
| 11–18 | 84 (3.19) Ŷ ¥ | 65 (5.13) | 44 (7.22) | 75 (2.55) ¥ | 65 (3.82) | 37 (6.76) | 67 (3.94) ¥ | 52 (6.44) | 34 (7.57) | 72 (2.72) Ŷ ¥ | 54 (3.92) | 32 (6.76) | |
| Vertical jump (cm) | 5–10 | No data available | 20.1 (0.46) Ŷ ¥ | 18.0 (0.64) | 15.9 (0.89) | 18.7 (0.56) ¥ | 18.1 (0.34) | 15.0 (1.09) | 18.8 (0.44) ¥ | 17.5 (0.71) | 16.3 (0.74) | ||
| 11–18 | 26.6 (0.67) Ŷ ¥ | 21.9 (0.96) | 19.1 (1.57) | 24.6 (0.74) ¥ | 22.4 (1.19) | 19.7 (1.40) | 24.3 (0.56) Ŷ ¥ | 21.2 (0.80) | 19.3 (1.38) | ||||
| Vertical jump (pc) | 5–10 | No data available | 64 (3.22) Ŷ ¥ | 50 (4.45) | 38 (6.22) | 53 (3.56) ¥ | 48 (5.33) | 29 (6.93) | 56 (3.10) | 48 (5.01) | 42 (5.20) | ||
| 11–18 | 56 (2.92) Ŷ ¥ | 35 (4.18) | 23 (6.80) | 44 (3.56) ¥ | 33 (5.75) | 24 (6.75) | 48 (2.80) Ŷ ¥ | 33 (4.03) | 25 (6.95) | ||||
Data are presented as mean (SD). Ŷ significant differences (p < 0.05) between normal weight and overweight. ¥ significant differences (p < 0.05) between normal weight and obesity. ƛ significant differences (p < 0.05) between overweight and obesity. An one-way ANOVA for independent samples was used as statistical analysis
kg kilogrammes, cm centimetres, pc percentile, 20-mSRT 20-m Shuttle-Run Test, VO2max maximal oxygen uptake