Table 2.

Surveillance metrics and core elements for One Health AMR and AMC/antimicrobial residues surveillance data reporting.

		Core elements	Metrics
Human sector	AMC	Sampling type Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code Sales or prescriptions Metrics Route of administration Setting (healthcare vs community)	Minimum: defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (community setting) and DDD per 1000 patient days (hospital setting). Additional: duration of therapy (DOT), DDDs per package (PID).
	AMR	Surveillance population/setting/sub-setting Surveillance type: mandatory vs. voluntary Bacteria-drug combination Status i.e. infection vs colonization Specimen Demographics Domestic vs travel-related cases Infection type Place of acquisition - community vs healthcare vs hospital Denominator data Susceptibility testing methods Quantitative (zone diameter or MIC) and qualitative (S, I, R) susceptibility test results Additional and relevant test results Resistance interpretation guidelines Resistance genes	Minimum: Percentage of resistance with the denominator of total isolates tested (should be de-duplicated, so that one isolate represents one patient). When available supplemented with: oProportion of AMR phenotypic profiles of interest for each sector (e.g. ESBL/AmpC) oProportion of AMR genes of interest for each sector (e.g. CTX-M) oProportion of clinically and epidemiologically (e.g., non-wild type) 'resistant' isolates to allow for more detailed assessments over time/different locations Additional: Population-based incidence/prevalence rates
Animal sector	AMC	Target animals (stratification by animal species) Sampling type Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical in animal medicine (ATCvet) code Sales or prescriptions Metrics Route of administration	Minimum: mg per kg of estimated biomass, and defined daily dose for animals (DDDvet) per kg of biomass.
	AMR	Target animals Setting/sub-setting Surveillance type: mandatory vs. voluntary Bacteria-drug combination Sampling type (diseased and infection type, vs healthy) and domestic vs imported Specimen Denominator data Susceptibility testing methods Quantitative (zone diameter or MIC) and qualitative (S, I, R) susceptibility test results Additional and relevant test results Resistance interpretation guidelines Resistance genes	Minimum: Percentage of resistance with the denominator of total isolates tested. When available supplemented with: oProportion of AMR phenotypic profiles of interest for each sector (e.g. ESBL/AmpC) oProportion of AMR genes of interest for each sector (e.g. CTX-M) oProportion of clinically and epidemiologically (e.g., non-wild type) 'resistant' isolates to allow for more detailed assessments over time/different locations
Environmental sector	Antimicrobial residues/concentrations	Residues or micropollutant measurements Sampling type Metrics	Minimum: Mass per mass for solids (e.g. μg/kg) or mass per volume for liquids (e.g. μg/L).
	AMR	Setting Specimen Bacteria-drug combination Denominator data Susceptibility, susceptibility testing methods Quantitative and qualitative (S, I, R) susceptibility test results Resistance interpretation guidelines Resistance genes	Minimum: Percentage of resistance with the denominator of total isolates tested. When available supplemented with: oProportion of AMR phenotypic profiles of interest for each sector (e.g. ESBL/AmpC) oProportion of AMR genes of interest for each sector (e.g. CTX-M) oProportion of clinically and epidemiologically (e.g., non-wild type) 'resistant' isolates to allow for more detailed assessments over time/different locations Additional: AMR gene abundance