Fig. 6.

Typical oxygen-independent type I PDT strategies. (A) NanoPcAF was obtained in aqueous solutions through a spontaneous assembly process, realizing the transition from type II PDT to type I PDT, with excellent photothermal conversion efficiency for enhancing PDT. Reproduced from [105] with permission from American Chemical Society. (B) DANO targeted mitochondria and achieved anti-hypoxia PDT through dual type (both type I and type II reactions) and tandem cascade reactions. Reproduced from [106] with permission from American Chemical Society.