Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of PREDIMED-Plus participants according to quartiles of DDS (total population = 6625)
| Q1 (n 1657) | Q2 (n 1656) | Q3 (n 1656) | Q4 (n 1656) | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| Mean | 64·1 | 64·8 | 65·2 | 65·8 | <0·001 | ||||
| sd | 5·1 | 4·9 | 4·8 | 4·7 | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 1122 | 67·7 | 917 | 55·4 | 777 | 46·9 | 602 | 36·4 | <0·001 |
| Smoking habits | |||||||||
| Current smoker | 297 | 17·9 | 198 | 12·0 | 173 | 10·5 | 153 | 9·2 | <0·001 |
| Former smoker | 802 | 48·4 | 744 | 44·9 | 725 | 43·8 | 597 | 36·1 | |
| Never smoker | 549 | 33·1 | 708 | 42·8 | 753 | 45·5 | 898 | 54·2 | |
| Without information | 9 | 0·5 | 6 | 0·4 | 5 | 0·3 | 8 | 0·5 | |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| Less active | 1023 | 61·9 | 992 | 60·0 | 989 | 60·0 | 949 | 57·6 | 0·296 |
| Moderately active | 295 | 17·9 | 306 | 18·5 | 322 | 19·5 | 326 | 19·8 | |
| Active | 339 | 20·3 | 358 | 21·5 | 345 | 20·6 | 381 | 22·6 | |
| Educational level | |||||||||
| Tertiary | 423 | 25·5 | 364 | 22·0 | 342 | 20·7 | 325 | 19·6 | <0·001 |
| Secondary | 537 | 32·4 | 485 | 29·3 | 453 | 27·4 | 436 | 26·3 | |
| Primary | 697 | 42·1 | 807 | 48·7 | 861 | 52·0 | 895 | 54·1 | |
| Civil status | |||||||||
| Married | 1266 | 76·7 | 1260 | 76·4 | 1252 | 75·8 | 1286 | 77·8 | 0·028 |
| Living alone (yes) | 194 | 11·7 | 189 | 11·4 | 219 | 13·2 | 214 | 12·9 | 0·307 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| Mean | 32·6 | 32·5 | 32·5 | 32·5 | 0·727 | ||||
| sd | 3·4 | 3·4 | 3·5 | 3·5 | |||||
| Presence of diseases | |||||||||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 1137 | 68·6 | 1157 | 69·9 | 1144 | 69·1 | 1150 | 69·4 | 0·412 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 440 | 26·6 | 445 | 26·9 | 468 | 28·3 | 470 | 28·4 | 0·598 |
| Hypertension | 1382 | 83·4 | 1375 | 83·0 | 1406 | 84·9 | 1362 | 82·3 | 0·229 |
| *Prevalence of depressive symptoms | 424 | 25·6 | 437 | 26·4 | 462 | 27·9 | 449 | 27·1 | 0·479 |
| Baseline score of Beck | |||||||||
| Mean | 8·2 | 8·2 | 8·5 | 9·0 | 0·005 | ||||
| sd | 7·4 | 7·4 | 7·5 | 7·5 | |||||
| 2-year score of Beck | |||||||||
| Mean | 6·5 | 6·5 | 6·8 | 7·2 | 0·020 | ||||
| sd | 7·0 | 6·8 | 7·1 | 7·0 | |||||
*
Prevalence of depressive symptoms: prevalence of depressive symptoms was defined as the presence of depressive symptoms at baseline (Beck≥18 points) or a current depression diagnosis. DDS cut-off points for each quartile: (Q1 = 0.8–3.9, Q2 = 4.0–4.6, Q3 = 4.7–5.4 and Q4 = 5.5–8.0).
Values are presented as means ± sd for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables.
Pearson’s chi-square test was performed for categorical variables and ANOVA test for continuous variables (Q1, less diversity; Q4, more diversity).