Table 2.
Characteristics of study sample according to DII quartiles
| Characteristics | Q1 of DII (−4·73, −0·52) | Q 2 of DII (−0·51, 1·01) | Q3 of DII (1·02, 2·30) | Q4 of DII (2·31, 4·55) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |
| Age (years) | 59·99 | 13·13 | 60·79 | 13·53 | 60·54 | 13·42 | 61·86 | 13·62 |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 711 | 66·70 | 614 | 57·60 | 491 | 46·06 | 425 | 39·87 |
| Female | 355 | 33·30 | 452 | 42·40 | 575 | 53·94 | 641 | 60·13 |
| Race | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 397 | 37·24 | 399 | 37·43 | 348 | 32·65 | 362 | 33·96 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 224 | 21·01 | 257 | 24·11 | 301 | 28·24 | 311 | 29·17 |
| Mexican American | 222 | 20·83 | 204 | 19·14 | 186 | 17·45 | 188 | 17·64 |
| Other Hispanic | 104 | 9·76 | 120 | 11·26 | 147 | 13·79 | 130 | 12·20 |
| Other race | 119 | 11·16 | 86 | 8·07 | 84 | 7·88 | 75 | 7·04 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Below high school | 274 | 25·70 | 344 | 32·27 | 419 | 39·30 | 490 | 45·97 |
| High school and above | 792 | 74·30 | 722 | 67·73 | 647 | 60·70 | 576 | 54·03 |
| Marriage status | ||||||||
| Married/living with partner | 705 | 66·13 | 646 | 60·60 | 601 | 56·38 | 582 | 54·60 |
| Widowed/divorced/separated/never married | 361 | 33·87 | 420 | 39·40 | 465 | 43·62 | 484 | 45·40 |
| Family poverty income ratio | ||||||||
| ≤1 | 207 | 19·41 | 219 | 20·50 | 297 | 27·84 | 341 | 31·99 |
| 1–1·84 | 245 | 22·97 | 290 | 27·22 | 287 | 26·90 | 326 | 30·54 |
| ≥1·85 | 614 | 57·62 | 557 | 52·28 | 482 | 45·26 | 399 | 37·47 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never | 549 | 51·50 | 511 | 47·94 | 530 | 49·72 | 527 | 49·44 |
| Current | 127 | 11·91 | 163 | 15·29 | 193 | 18·10 | 222 | 20·83 |
| Former | 390 | 36·59 | 392 | 36·77 | 343 | 32·18 | 317 | 29·74 |
| Drinking status | ||||||||
| No | 760 | 71·25 | 708 | 66·40 | 676 | 63·37 | 607 | 56·93 |
| Yes | 306 | 28·75 | 358 | 33·60 | 390 | 36·63 | 459 | 43·07 |
| Physical activity level | ||||||||
| Low | 628 | 58·89 | 675 | 63·32 | 718 | 67·35 | 748 | 70·16 |
| Moderate | 282 | 26·43 | 257 | 24·11 | 234 | 21·95 | 219 | 20·59 |
| High | 156 | 14·68 | 134 | 12·57 | 114 | 10·70 | 99 | 9·25 |
| Hypertension | 315 | 29·55 | 340 | 31·91 | 354 | 33·24 | 376 | 35·26 |
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32·30 | 7·43 | 32·54 | 7·32 | 32·63 | 7·49 | 32·64 | 7·31 |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| DKD | 380 | 35·65 | 404 | 37·90 | 449 | 42·12 | 504 | 47·28 |
| Impaired GFR | 165 | 15·46 | 194 | 18·24 | 233 | 21·90 | 259 | 24·30 |
| Albuminuria | 282 | 26·48 | 300 | 28·15 | 345 | 32·39 | 384 | 35·98 |
DII, dietary inflammatory index; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.