Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of African immigrant women with and without symptoms of maternal depression and anxiety.
| Factorsa | Maternal depression | Maternal anxiety | ||||||
|
|
Participants with maternal depression (EPDS-10b ≥13), n/N (%) | Participants without maternal depression (EPDS-10 <13), n/N (%) | P value | Participants with maternal anxiety (GAD-7c ≥10), n/N (%) | Participants without maternal anxiety (GAD-7 <10), n/N (%) | P value | ||
| Maternal age |
|
|
.04 |
|
|
.56 | ||
|
|
≤30 years | 18/32 (56) | 29/82 (35) |
|
7/14 (50) | 56/96 (58) |
|
|
|
|
≥31 years | 14/32 (44) | 53/82 (65) |
|
7/14 (50) | 40/96 (42) |
|
|
| Age of the most recent infant |
|
|
.74 |
|
|
.90 | ||
|
|
0-12 months | 17/32 (53) | 48/85 (56) |
|
8/14 (57) | 56/101 (55) |
|
|
|
|
≥12 months | 15/32 (47) | 37/85 (44) |
|
6/14 (43) | 45/101 (45) |
|
|
| Total household income (CAD$)d |
|
|
.20 |
|
|
.51 | ||
|
|
≤59,999 | 11/32 (34) | 40/84 (48) |
|
5/14 (36) | 45/100 (45) |
|
|
|
|
≥60,000 | 21/32 (66) | 44/84 (52) |
|
9/14 (64) | 55/100 (55) |
|
|
| Working status |
|
|
.01 |
|
|
.82 | ||
|
|
Maternity leave | 16/32 (50) | 22/85 (26) |
|
5/14 (36) | 33/101 (33) |
|
|
|
|
Not on maternity leave | 16/32 (50) | 63/85 (74) |
|
9/14 (64) | 68/101 (67) |
|
|
| Home |
|
|
.34 |
|
|
.77 | ||
|
|
Rent | 24/33 (73) | 54/85 (64) |
|
10/14 (71) | 66/102 (65) |
|
|
|
|
Own | 9/33 (27) | 31/85 (36) |
|
4/14 (29) | 36/102 (35) |
|
|
| Maternal education |
|
|
.90 |
|
|
.27 | ||
|
|
Bachelor’s degree or less | 14/33 (42) | 35/85 (41) |
|
4/14 (29) | 44/100 (44) |
|
|
|
|
Advanced degree | 19/33 (58) | 50/85 (59) |
|
10/14 (71) | 56/100 (56) |
|
|
| Marital status |
|
|
.06 |
|
|
.28 | ||
|
|
Not married | 5/31 (16) | 4/84 (5) |
|
2/13 (15) | 7/100 (7) |
|
|
|
|
Married/common law | 26/31 (84) | 80/84 (95) |
|
11/13 (85) | 93/100 (93) |
|
|
| Years since immigration |
|
|
.42 |
|
|
.01 | ||
|
|
0-5 years | 19/30 (63) | 57/80 (71) |
|
5/14 (36) | 68/92 (74) |
|
|
|
|
≥6 years | 11/30 (37) | 23/80 (29) |
|
9/14 (64) | 24/92 (26) |
|
|
| Age at immigration |
|
|
.94 |
|
|
.46 | ||
|
|
<18 years (child) | 5/28 (18) | 15/81 (19) |
|
1/12 (8) | 19/95 (20) |
|
|
|
|
≥18 years (adult) | 23/28 (82) | 66/81 (81) |
|
11/12 (92) | 76/95 (80) |
|
|
aVariables with P<.10 were included in the multivariable model.
bEPDS-10: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-10.
cGAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7.
dA currency exchange rate of CAD $1=US $0.75 is applicable.