Table 2.
Social characteristics of African immigrant women with and without maternal depression and anxiety.
| Factorsa | Maternal depression | Maternal anxiety | ||||||
|
|
Participants with maternal depression (EPDS-10b ≥13), n/N (%) | Participants without maternal depression (EPDS-10 <13), n/N (%) | P value | Participants with maternal anxiety (GAD-7c ≥10), n/N (%) | Participants without maternal anxiety (GAD-7 <10), n/N (%) | P value | ||
| Presence of family in the city |
|
|
.11 |
|
|
.30 | ||
|
|
No family in the city | 21/31 (68) | 43/84 (51) |
|
9/13 (69) | 54/100 (54) |
|
|
|
|
Family in the city | 10/31 (32) | 41/84 (49) |
|
4/13 (31) | 46/100 (46) |
|
|
| Presence of friends in the city |
|
|
.001 |
|
|
.01 | ||
|
|
No friends in the city | 10/31 (32) | 7/84 (8) |
|
5/13 (38) | 12/100 (12) |
|
|
|
|
Friends in the city | 21/31 (68) | 77/84 (92) |
|
8/13 (62) | 88/100 (88) |
|
|
| Sense of belonging |
|
|
<.001 |
|
|
.01 | ||
|
|
Weak | 26/31 (84) | 40/84 (48) |
|
12/13 (92) | 53/100 (53) |
|
|
|
|
Strong | 5/31 (16) | 44/84 (52) |
|
1/13 (8) | 47/100 (47) |
|
|
| Group participation |
|
|
.30 |
|
|
.21 | ||
|
|
Not a member | 23/31 (74) | 53/83 (64) |
|
11/13 (85) | 64/99 (65) |
|
|
|
|
Member | 8/31 (26) | 30/83 (36) |
|
2/13 (15) | 35/99 (35) |
|
|
| Availability of mental health services |
|
|
.66 |
|
|
.50 | ||
|
|
Fair/poor | 8/28 (29) | 18/74 (24) |
|
4/12 (33) | 22/88 (25) |
|
|
|
|
Excellent/good | 20/28 (71) | 56/74 (76) |
|
8/12 (67) | 66/88 (75) |
|
|
| Satisfaction with settlement |
|
|
.06 |
|
|
.19 | ||
|
|
Dissatisfied | 11/28 (39) | 17/81 (21) |
|
5/12 (42) | 23/95 (24) |
|
|
|
|
Satisfied | 17/28 (61) | 64/81 (79) |
|
7/12 (58) | 72/95 (76) |
|
|
| Access to a regular medical doctor |
|
|
.002 |
|
|
.003 | ||
|
|
Yes | 20/29 (69) | 75/81 (93) |
|
7/12 (58) | 86/96 (90) |
|
|
|
|
No | 9/29 (31) | 6/81 (7) |
|
5/12 (42) | 10/96 (10) |
|
|
aVariables with P<.10 were included in the multivariable model.
bEPDS-10: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale-10.
cGAD-7: General Anxiety Disorder-7.