. 2023 Mar 7;25:24. doi: 10.1186/s13058-023-01618-3

Table 2.

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer comparing plasma prolactin ≥ 11 versus < 11 ng/mL by tumor expression of prolactin-related markers among premenopausal women

Tumor status	N (Cases)	Prolactin levels (ng/mL)		p-heterogeneity
Tumor status	N (Cases)	≤ 11	> 11	p-heterogeneity
All breast cancer	168	1 (Ref)	1.22 (0.85, 1.73)
Prolactin receptor
Nuclear^a
Negative	134	1 (Ref)	1.24 (0.84, 1.83)	0.92
Positive	29	1 (Ref)	1.19 (0.54, 2.60)	0.92
Cytoplasmic^a
Negative	128	1 (Ref)	1.37 (0.92, 2.05)	0.22
Positive	35	1 (Ref)	0.84 (0.42, 1.69)	0.22
pSTAT5
Nuclear^a
Negative	117	1 (Ref)	0.98 (0.65, 1.46)	0.06
Positive	35	1 (Ref)	2.30 (1.02, 5.22)	0.06
Cytoplasmic^b
Negative	61	1 (Ref)	0.73 (0.43, 1.25)	0.02
Positive	91	1 (Ref)	1.64 (1.01, 2.65)	0.02
Combined nuclear/cytoplasmic
Both negative	56	1 (Ref)	0.73 (0.42, 1.28)	0.03
Both positive	30	1 (Ref)	2.88 (1.14, 7.25)
One negative/one positive	66	1 (Ref)	1.24 (0.72, 2.12)
pJAK2^b
Negative	20	1 (Ref)	1.72 (0.64, 4.65)	0.49
Positive	127	1 (Ref)	1.20 (0.80, 1.78)	0.49

Bolded values are statistically significant (p < 0.05)

Adjusted for age (continuous), age at menarche (continuous), BMI (continuous), benign breast disease (never, confirmed, unconfirmed), and blood draw characteristics (fasting status and month of blood collection)

^aA case was considered positive if one or more cores were scored 2 or 3

^bCytoplasmic pSTAT5 and pJAK2 was scored positive if any core was scored 1 or higher