Figure 5. IGF-1 suppresses plaque cell apoptosis, promotes cell proliferation, and decreases DNA damage.

Cell apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL assay, and cell proliferation and DNA damage were quantified by immunostaining with PCNA antibody and pH2A.X antibody, respectively. (A–C) Representative images of RCA sections obtained from IGF-1– or saline-injected FH females. (D–F) Quantitative data. n = 5 per RCA or LAD per group for males and n = 9 for females. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. saline based on unpaired 2-tailed t test.