TABLE 3.
E3 ligases of apoptotic signalling.
| Intrinsic pathway | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| E3 ligase | Activity | Role in apoptosis | References |
| TRIM17 | Degrade Mcl‐1 by ubiquitination | Promote apoptosis | 329 |
| SCFβ‐TrCP |
Degrade Mcl‐1 by ubiquitination Degrade Bim‐EL by ubiquitination |
Context dependent | 219 , 220 |
| SCFFbxw7 | Degrade Mcl‐1 by ubiquitination | Promote apoptosis | 330 |
| MULE | Degrade Mcl‐1 by ubiquitination | Promote apoptosis | 331 |
| APC/CCDC20 | Degrade Mcl‐1 by ubiquitination | Promote apoptosis | 332 |
| APC/CCDH1 | Degrade MOAP1 by ubiquitination | Inhibit apoptosis | 207 |
| TRIM39 | Prevent APC/CCDH1 degradation | Promote apoptosis | 207 |
| XIAP |
Inactivate caspase 3/7/9 Ubiquitinate and degrade ccaspase3 |
Inhibit apoptosis | 209 , 222 , 333 |
| cIAP1/2 | Ubiquitinate caspase 3/7, Selfubiquitination, Ubiquitinate Ring IAPs | Inhibit apoptosis | 210 , 211 , 212 |
| AREL1 | Ubiquitinate and degrade SMAC | Inhibit apoptosis | 218 |
| Extrinsic pathway | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| cIAPs | Ubiquitinate RIP1, Prevent complex II formation | Inhibit apoptosis | 231 , 232 |
| TRAF2 | Promote RIP1 ubiquitination and prevent complex II formation | Inhibit apoptosis | 229 , 334 |
| Ubiquitinate and degrade caspase 8 | Inhibit apoptosis | 235 , 236 | |
| LUBAC | Stabilise ubiquitinated RIP1, prevent complex II formation | Inhibit apoptosis | 233 |
| ITCH | Degrade FLIP | Promote apoptosis | 234 |
| TRIM9 | Upregulate BCL‐2, downregulate caspase 7/9, decrease activity of caspase 3 | Inhibit apoptosis | 246 , 335 |
| SIAH2 and POSH | Downregulate caspase 8 | Inhibit apoptosis | 237 |
| MKRN1 | Degrade FADD | Inhibit apoptosis | 238 |