Table 2.
Included Studies Discussing Lower Extremity Treatments Applicable to Gender Affirmation Surgery
| First authorRef. | Year | Study population | Technique discussed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chamosa28 | 1997 | 108 Cisgender women | Liposuction of knee |
| Chamosa71 | 1997 | 113 Cisgender women | Liposuction of ankle |
| Lemperle60 | 1998 | 15 Cisgender women | Calf contouring through gastrocnemius resection |
| Coughlin33 | 2000 | 53 Cisgender women, 10 cisgender men | Hammertoe correction |
| Lee59 | 2006 | 20 Cisgender women | Calf contouring through gastrocnemius resection |
| Kim61 | 2008 | 20 Cisgender women | Calf contouring through sural neurectomy |
| Veber66 | 2010 | 77 Cisgender men and women | Fat grafting to calf |
| Chugay55 | 2011 | 18 Cisgender women | Implants to thigh |
| Hurwitz50 | 2012 | 17 Cisgender women | Liposuction of thigh |
| Aboueldahab53 | 2013 | 25 Cisgender women | Liposuction of inner thigh |
| Hoppmann65 | 2013 | 3 Cisgender women, 2 cisgender men | Fat grafting to calf |
| Karacaoglu69 | 2013 | 20 Cisgender women, 2 cisgender men | Implants to calf; fat grafting to calf |
| Zelickson47 | 2015 | 42 Cisgender women | Cryotherapy to inner thigh |
| Gusenoff78 | 2016 | 19 Cisgender women, 6 cisgender men | Fat grafting to foot |
| Mundinger68 | 2016 | 10 Cisgender women, 3 cisgender men | Fat grafting to calf |
| Bogari57 | 2017 | 18 Cisgender women | Botulinum injection to calf |
| Niechajev62 | 2017 | 31 Cisgender women, 19 cisgender men | Implants to calf |
| Skorobac67 | 2017 | 48 Cisgender women | Fat grafting to calf |
| Klaver43 | 2018 | 179 Transgender women, 162 transgender men | Hormone therapy |
| Minteer77 | 2018 | 23 Cisgender women, 8 cisgender men | Fat grafting to foot |
| Wanitphakdeedecha58 | 2018 | 22 Cisgender women | Botulinum injection to calf |
| Farber76 | 2019 | 23 Cisgender men and women | Fat grafting to foot |
| Melita64 | 2019 | 13 Cisgender women, 33 cisgender men | Implants to calf |