Table 3.

Multivariable-adjusted associations between household food insecurity and CVD risk factors in lower-income (300 % FPL or below) adolescents aged 12–17 years in NHANES 2007–2016^*

	n †	Full food security	Marginal food security beta	95 % CI	Food insecurity beta	95 % CI
BMI-for-age Z-score	2876	Ref.	−0·04	−0·20, 0·13	0·04	−0·09, 0·17
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	2753	Ref.	0·16	−1·15, 1·46	0·47	−0·64, 1·58
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	2650	Ref.	−0·17	−1·79, 1·44	−0·09	−1·05, 0·88
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	2633	Ref.	0·68	−1·02, 2·38	−0·01	−1·44, 1·42
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	2633	Ref.	0·29	−3·26, 3·83	−1·69	−5·08, 1·71
Fasting TAG (mg/dl)	1162	Ref.	−4·56	−11·84, 2·72	−0·79	−8·02, 6·44
Fasting LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	1161	Ref.	0·86	−3·76, 5·48	−1·21	−5·34, 2·92
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)	1179	Ref.	−1·29	−2·86, 0·28	0·16	−1·37, 1·69

FPL, federal poverty line; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

^*Models adjusted for adolescent age, sex, race/ethnicity, vigorous recreational activity, moderate recreational activity, smoking, sedentary time, household respondent education, marital status and income.

^†Due to varying missingness in the outcome variables, we conducted an available case analysis; therefore, for each outcome, we included cases that had data on the exposure, covariates and the specific outcome of interest. For this reason, our n’s for each outcome differ slightly and are listed in the corresponding rows.