Table 1.
Food groups and food items included in the analysis of the FFQ cohort
| Food groups 1 | Food groups 2 (variables) | Definition and content |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Legumes & nuts 2. Meat alternatives |
1. Protein alternatives to meat & fish | Soya, Tempeh, Tofu, silken tofu, lentils, pulses, nuts, falafel |
| 3. Meat-free processed alternatives 4. Fish alternatives |
2. Processed meat alternatives | Vegan nuggets, burgers, bacon, sausage, no fish fingers, ham slices, turkey slices, chicken slices, meat-free mince, vegan chorizo |
| 5. Vegan sandwiches 6. Vegan wraps 7. Ready-prepared foods |
3. Convenience meals & snacks | Garlic bread, pizza, sausage rolls, chips, ready prepared mash, selection of pre-made vegan sandwiches & wraps, ready meals, Not-zarrella sticks, French fries |
| 8. Fresh fruit 9. Tinned fruit 10. Dried fruit |
4. Fruit | Apples, pears, oranges, grapefruit, bananas, grapes, melon, peaches, strawberries, avocado, tinned fruit, dried fruit |
| 11. Vegetables 12. Soup |
5. Vegetables | Carrots, spinach, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, cabbage, peas, green beans, courgettes, cauliflower, parsnips, leeks, onions, garlic, mushrooms, sweet peppers, beansprouts, green salad, mixed vegetables, watercress, tomatoes, sweetcorn, beetroot, coleslaw, vegetable soup, rainbow rice |
| 13. Starchy carbohydrates | 6. Refined grains | White bread, scones, crackers, pitta, sugary cereal, plain cereal, white rice, pasta, tinned pasta, noodles, lasagne, cereals (except high fibre options) |
| 14. High-fibre carbohydrates | 7. Wholegrains | Brown bread, wholemeal bread, porridge, all bran, wholegrain cereals, brown rice, wholemeal pasta, wild rice |
| 15. White potatoes 16. Sweet potatoes |
8. Potatoes | Boiled potatoes, roast potatoes, sweet potatoes, home-made mash, baked potatoes, baby potatoes |
| 17. Plant-based milks 18. Vegan cheese 19. Vegan yoghurts |
9. Dairy alternatives | Oat milk, soya milk, almond milk, rice milk, hazelnut milk, coconut milk hemp, pea milk, Nutritional yeast, vegan hard cheese, Yoghurt alternatives, |
| 20. Fats and oils | 10. Fats and oils | Vegan butter spreads, pesto, peanut butter, olive oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, avocado oil, canola oil, sunflower ghee, rapeseed oil, fry light |
| 21. Cakes & biscuits | 11. Vegan cakes & biscuits | Cookies, Digestive twists, bourbons, Lotus Biscoff, vegan sponge cake, vegan cereal bars, party ring minis, granola bars |
| 22. Sweets and desserts | 12. Vegan sweets & desserts | Fudge, cheesecake pots, chocolate mousse pots, dark chocolate, non-dairy ice cream, churros, star burst sweets |
| 23. Vegan crisps | 13. Vegan crisps | Lentil Chips, Kettle chips, walkers, tortilla chips, vegetable chips, pretzel bites |
| 24. Sauces & condiments | 14. Sauces and condiments | BBQ sauce, cheese sauce, Red lasagne sauce, free from sauce, olive oil, vegetable oils, seeds, tahini, vegetable pates, mayonnaise, hummus, chocolate spread, coleslaw, potato salad |
| 25. Salt | 15. Salt | All added salts |
| 26. Alcohol | 16. Alcohol | Vegan friendly alcohols |
| 27. Vegan takeaway | 17. Vegan takeaway | From fast-food outlets providing vegan options |
| 28. Cooking | 18. Cooking from scratch | Additional question to help with establishing vegan patterns |
| 29. Recipes used | 19. Creating own recipes | Additional question to help with establishing vegan patterns |
| 30. Use of vegan brands | 20. Purchasing vegan brands | Additional question to help with establishing vegan patterns |