Table 3.
Daily energy, macro- and micronutrient intake (estimated marginal mean (95 % CI)) of a group with and without social jetlag*, in the UK adult population (aged 19–64 years) based on NDNS 2008–2019
| No social jetlag | Social jetlag | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary intake | Estimated marginal mean | 95 % CI | Estimated marginal mean | 95 % CI | P-value | FDR value |
| Total energy (kcal) | 1762 | 1676, 1848 | 1757 | 1663, 1851 | 0·832 | 0·961 |
| Total energy (kJ) | 7412 | 7052, 7771 | 7393 | 6998, 7788 | 0·853 | 0·961 |
| Protein (g)† | 70·2 | 67·8, 72·8 | 70·0 | 67·3, 72·8 | 0·733 | 0·961 |
| Protein (%EI)† | 16·7 | 16·2, 17·3 | 16·7 | 16·1, 17·4 | 0·901 | 0·961 |
| Fat (g) | 70·3 | 68·4, 72·2 | 69·4 | 67·2, 71·5 | 0·082 | 0·241 |
| Fat (%EI) | 34·6 | 33·6, 35·6 | 33·9 | 32·8, 35·0 | 0·011‡ | 0·081 |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) | 26·0 | 25·1, 26·9 | 26·0 | 25·0, 27·0 | 0·866 | 0·961 |
| Monounsaturated fat (%EI) | 12·7 | 12·3, 13·2 | 12·6 | 12·1, 13·1 | 0·553 | 0·961 |
| n-3 fatty acids (g)† | 1·93 | 1·81, 2·05 | 1·86 | 1·73, 1·99 | 0·039‡ | 0·178 |
| n-3 fatty acids (%EI) | 1·1 | 1·0, 1·1 | 1·0 | 0·9, 1·1 | 0·054 | 0·193 |
| n-6 fatty acids (g) | 10·6 | 10·1, 11·1 | 10·5 | 10·0, 11·1 | 0·725 | 0·961 |
| n-6 fatty acids (%EI) | 5·3 | 5·1, 5·6 | 5·3 | 5·0, 5·6 | 0·637 | 0·961 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 25·1 | 24·1, 26·1 | 24·5 | 23·4, 25·6 | 0·035‡ | 0·177 |
| Saturated fat (%EI) | 12·3 | 11·8, 12·8 | 11·9 | 11·3, 12·4 | 0·003‡ | 0·041§ |
| Trans fat (g)† | 1·04 | 0·96, 1·12 | 0·96 | 0·88, 1·04 | < 0·001‡ | 0·002§ |
| Trans fat (%EI)† | 0·53 | 0·49, 0·57 | 0·49 | 0·45, 0·53 | < 0·001‡ | 0·002§ |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 225·7 | 220·3, 231·0 | 228·7 | 222·8, 234·5 | 0·044‡ | 0·178 |
| Carbohydrate (%EI) | 48·5 | 47·4, 49·6 | 49·1 | 47·9, 50·4 | 0·033‡ | 0·177 |
| NMES (g) | 54·0 | 49·1, 58·9 | 58·3 | 53·0, 63·7 | 0·001‡ | 0·022§ |
| NMES (%EI) | 11·3 | 10·3, 12·3 | 12·1 | 11·0, 13·2 | 0·006‡ | 0·063 |
| Alcohol (g) | 10·0 | 6·9, 13·2 | 8·0 | 4·6, 11·5 | 0·023‡ | 0·146 |
| Alcohol (%EI) | 3·1 | 2·1, 4·1 | 2·6 | 1·5, 3·7 | 0·071 | 0·237 |
| NSP fibre (g)† | 12·9 | 12·3, 13·5 | 12·7 | 12·1, 13·4 | 0·350 | 0·729 |
| Carbohydrate:NSP (g)† | 16·7 | 15·9, 17·6 | 17·1 | 16·2, 18·1 | 0·080 | 0·241 |
| Folate (μg)† | 225·9 | 214·0, 238·2 | 222·5 | 209·8, 235·8 | 0·311 | 0·707 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg)† | 4·4 | 4·1, 4·8 | 4·4 | 4·0, 4·8 | 0·697 | 0·961 |
| Vitamin C (mg)† | 67·7 | 60·9, 75·2 | 67·6 | 60·3, 75·9 | 0·966 | 0·978 |
| K (mg)† | 2547·8 | 2460·2, 2641·2 | 2540·2 | 2443·0, 2641·2 | 0·700 | 0·961 |
| Ca (mg)† | 675·2 | 646·1, 706·3 | 673·8 | 641·6, 707·7 | 0·891 | 0·961 |
| Fe (mg)† | 9·9 | 9·5, 10·3 | 9·7 | 9·3, 10·2 | 0·115 | 0·303 |
| Fruit and vegetables (g)† | 253·2 | 227·1, 281·9 | 246·9 | 219·1, 277·9 | 0·394 | 0·788 |
NDNS, Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme; FDR, false discovery rate; %EI, % energy intake; NMES, non-milk extrinsic sugars; NSP, non-starch polysaccharides.
ANCOVA was used adjusted for age, sex, BMI, total energy intake (except for when assessing energy intake as the outcome), ethnicity, economic status, smoking status, alcohol intake (except when assessing alcohol as an outcome), number of children below 4 years of age and long-standing illness.
Without social jetlag n 3638; with social jetlag n 617.
Residual data are non-normally distributed. The values presented from these variables are geometric (back log-transformed) means with 95 % CI.
Two-sided P < 0·05 shows a significant difference.
Significant difference using multiple comparison-adjusted FDR P-values using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate.