Table 3.
Indicators of diet quality by age/sex and household food insecurity status
| Food-secure | Marginally food insecure | Moderately food insecure | Severely food insecure | P-value† (model 1) | P-value‡ (model 2) | P trend (model 2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean* | sem | Mean* | sem | Mean* | sem | Mean* | sem | ||||
| Healthy Eating Index – Canada 2005 score | |||||||||||
| Younger children, 2–8 years§ | 71·5 a | 0·42 | 71·5 a | 1·80 | 65·0 b | 1·29 | 68·0 a,b | 1·71 | <0·001 | 0·079 | 0·467 |
| Older children, 9–18 years | 62·7 a | 0·34 | 59·9 a | 1·36 | 60·8 a | 1·24 | 58·6 a | 1·87 | 0·014 | 0·149 | 0·159 |
| Women, 19–64 years | 62·9 a | 0·40 | 62·2 a,b | 1·95 | 57·8 b | 1·27 | 57·7 a,b | 1·83 | <0·001 | 0·027 | 0·061 |
| Men, 19–64 years | 60·4 a | 0·43 | 56·8 a | 2·15 | 54·7 b | 1·31 | 56·8 a,b | 2·40 | <0·001 | 0·008 | 0·196 |
| Fruit & vegetables (servings) | |||||||||||
| Younger children, 1–8 years | 4·0 a | 0·10 | 3·4 a,b | 0·31 | 2·9 b | 0·20 | 3·5 a,b | 0·56 | 0·001 | 0·148 | 0·436 |
| Older children, 9–18 years | 4·1 a | 0·09 | 4·4 a | 0·49 | 3·6 a | 0·28 | 4·3 a | 0·57 | 0·207 | 0·562 | 0·968 |
| Women, 19–64 years | 4·4 a,b | 0·10 | 3·8 a,b | 0·40 | 4·0 a | 0·30 | 3·0 b | 0·53 | 0·007 | 0·223 | 0·106 |
| Men, 19–64 years | 4·6 a | 0·10 | 4·1 a | 0·48 | 3·8 a | 0·31 | 3·7 a | 0·63 | 0·004 | 0·510 | 0·408 |
| Ultra-processed intake (% energy) | |||||||||||
| Younger children, 1–8 years | 41·6 a | 0·59 | 40·6 a | 3·46 | 50·2 b | 1·88 | 52·0 b,c | 2·77 | <0·001 | 0·005 | 0·002 |
| Older children, 9–18 years | 46·8 a | 0·54 | 49·7 a,b | 1·89 | 47·3 a,b | 1·62 | 47·3 b | 1·62 | 0·073 | 0·062 | 0·049 |
| Women, 19–64 years | 37·6 a | 0·56 | 38·9 a | 1·98 | 40·9 a | 1·69 | 45·8 b | 2·40 | 0·002 | 0·029 | 0·003 |
| Men, 19–64 years | 37·5 a | 0·66 | 42·5 a,b | 2·87 | 46·7 b | 2·37 | 47·0 b | 3·70 | <0·001 | 0·002 | 0·009 |
sem, standard error of the mean.
Separate models were run for each age-sex stratum. Means were derived from ANOVA, adjusted for age and sex (children’s models only).
P-values were derived from ANOVA, adjusted for age and sex (children’s models only) with household food insecurity status entered as a four-level categorical variable.
P-values were derived from ANOVA, adjusted for age, sex (children’s models only), education, income and region, with household food insecurity status entered as a four-level categorical variable.
Among children aged 2–8 years as Canada’s Food Guide 2007 recommendations were created for ≥ 2 years.
a,b,cMean values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0·05).