. 2021 Sep 23;25(4):1013–1026. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021004031

Table 4.

Macronutrient, fibre, sugar and sodium intakes by age/sex and household food insecurity status

	Food-secure		Marginally food insecure		Moderately food insecure		Severely food insecure		P-value^† (model 1)	P-value (model 2)	P _trend ^‡ (model 2)
	Mean^*	sem	Mean^*	sem	Mean^*	sem	Mean^*	sem	P-value^† (model 1)	P-value (model 2)	P _trend ^‡ (model 2)
Protein (% energy)
Younger children, 1–8 years	16·0^a	0·16	15·3^a	0·44	15·0^a	0·39	15·2^a	0·56	0·039	0·338	0·493
Older children, 9–18 years	16·0^a	0·18	15·0^a,b	0·50	15·5^a	0·39	13·8^b	0·50	0·001	0·027	0·010
Women, 19–64 years	17·3^a	0·17	17·7^a	0·81	17·3^a	0·69	16·5^a	0·71	0·689	0·786	0·407
Men19–64 years	17·7^a	0·17	16·4^a,b	0·57	16·1^b	0·61	16·6^a,b	0·88	0·011	0·015	0·167
Fat (% energy)
Younger children, 1–8 years	31·0^a	0·25	30·1^a	1·03	31·9^a	0·97	31·9^a	0·97	0·444	0·279	0·073
Older children, 9–18 years	31·7^a	0·24	32·7^a	1·11	31·5^a	0·86	33·1^a	1·20	0·502	0·297	0·268
Women, 19–64 years	32·9^a	0·31	32·7^a	1·05	32·8^a	0·93	31·0^a	1·18	0·445	0·737	0·357
Men, 19–64 years	32·7^a	0·29	34·2^a	1·68	32·1^a	1·18	32·4^a	1·53	0·787	0·772	0·607
Carbohydrates (% energy)
Younger children, 1–8 years	54·4^a	0·35	55·9^a	1·18	54·3^a	1·17	53·6^a	1·30	0·608	0·567	0·247
Older children, 9–18 years	53·4^a	0·31	53·4^a	1·16	54·2^a	0·88	54·3^a	1·39	0·804	0·965	0·789
Women, 19–64 years	48·8^a	0·36	49·7^a	1·34	50·0^a	1·35	51·8^a	1·93	0·312	0·681	0·319
Men, 19–64 years	47·2^a	0·35	47·9^a	1·97	48·5^a	1·23	49·3^a	2·01	0·555	0·960	0·646
Sugar (% energy)
Younger children, 1–8 years	25·7^a	0·30	24·9^a	1·90	24·6^a	1·01	25·8^a	1·33	0·700	0·443	0·704
Older children, 9–18 years	23·0^a	0·27	22·8^a	1·30	22·8^a	0·79	23·7^a	1·46	0·955	0·482	0·163
Women, 19–64 years	19·2^a	0·29	19·4^a	0·92	21·1^a	1·03	22·0^a	1·41	0·097	0·194	0·062
Men, 19–64 years	17·9^a	0·25	19·6^a	1·33	19·5^a	1·26	19·4^a	1·78	0·269	0·171	0·285
Fibre (g/1000 kcal)
Younger children, 1–8 years	9·0^a	0·14	8·4^a	0·49	8·0^a	0·37	8·8^a	0·42	0·063	0·382	0·326
Older children, 9–18 years	8·4^a	0·09	8·4^a	0·09	8·2^a	0·56	7·7^a	0·39	0·211	0·323	0·112
Women, 19–64 years	10·6^a	0·16	9·3^a,b	0·49	9·2^a,b	0·43	8·0^b	0·51	<0·001	0·002	0·001
Men, 19–64 years	8·8^a	0·13	9·0^a	0·63	8·1^a	0·44	7·7^a	0·53	0·055	0·245	0·130
Saturated fat (% energy)
Younger children, 1–8 years	11·8^a	0·14	11·9^a	0·71	11·9^a	0·44	12·0^a	0·69	0·987	0·947	0·669
Older children, 9–18 years	11·1^a	0·11	10·7^a	0·48	10·9^a	0·39	10·7^a	0·50	0·602	0·974	0·901
Women, 19–64 years	10·6^a	0·13	10·7^a	0·44	10·7^a	0·39	9·6^a	0·58	0·332	0·496	0·201
Men, 19–64 years	10·3^a	0·11	11·4^a	0·82	10·6^a	0·48	9·8^a	0·56	0·429	0·413	0·182
Na (mg/1000 kcal)
Younger children, 1–8 years	1299·1^a	14·54	1329·8^a,b	73·33	1403·1^a,b	63·38	1522·7^b	106·96	0·042	0·097	0·018
Older children, 9–18 years	1452·7^a	13·88	1515·4^a	50·42	1434·2^a	44·72	1479·5^a	74·59	0·572	0·591	0·951
Women, 19–64 years	1482·9^a	18·75	1613·8^a	147·37	1458·5^a	45·11	1403·3^a	53·39	0·591	0·769	0·405
Men, 19–64 years	1480·1^a	16·41	1605·4^a	116·26	1465·9^a	63·31	1603·3^a	180·79	0·765	0·740	0·802

sem, standard error of the mean.

Separate models were run for each age-sex stratum. Means were derived from ANOVA, adjusted for age and sex (children’s models only).

^†

P-values were derived from ANOVA, adjusted for age and sex (children’s models only) with household food insecurity status entered as a four-level categorical variable.

^‡

P-values were derived from ANOVA, adjusted for age, sex (children’s models only), education, income and region, with household food insecurity status entered as a 4-level categorical variable.

^a,b,cMean values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0·05).